𒂊𒌍𒄯

𒂊𒌍𒄯

Hittite

Etymology

From Proto-Anatolian *ʔésHr̥ (genitive *ʔsHanós), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (genitive *h₁sh₂éns). Anatolian cognates include Cuneiform Luwian 𒀀𒀸𒄩𒅈 (āšḫar, “blood”). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek ἔαρ (éar), Sanskrit असृज् (asṛj), Old Armenian արիւն (ariwn), and Old Latin assyr/Latin sanguis. Original PIE heteroclitic inflection as been preserved in Hittite, with a shift from proterodynamic to hysterodynamic class.

Noun

𒂊𒌍𒄯 • (ēšḫar) n

1. blood

Inflection

Broad transcription
heteroclitic noun
Neuter gender	Singular	Plural
nominative	ēšḫar	–
	ɛ́ːʃħːr̩	–
accusative	ēšḫar	–
	ɛ́ːʃħːr̩	–
genitive	išḫanaš	–
	iʃħːánaʃ	–
dative-locative	išḫani	–
	iʃħːáni	–
allative	išḫana	–
	iʃħːána	–
ablative	išḫanaz(a)	–
	iʃħːánat͡s	–
instrumental	išḫanta, išḫanit	–
	iʃħːánt, iʃħːánit	–
The desinences in this table have been normalized. For alternative endings see Appendix:Hittite declension

Cuneiform
heteroclitic noun
Neuter gender	Singular	Plural
nominative	𒂊𒌍𒄯	–
	e-eš-ḫar	–
accusative	𒂊𒌍𒄯	–
	e-eš-ḫar	–
genitive	𒅖𒄩𒈾𒀸	–
	iš-ḫa-na-aš	–
dative-locative	𒅖𒄩𒉌	–
	iš-ḫa-ni	–
allative	𒅖𒄩𒈾	–
	iš-ḫa-na	–
ablative	𒅖𒄩𒈾𒊍	–
	iš-ḫa-na-az	–
instrumental	𒅖𒄩𒀭𒋫, 𒅖𒄩𒉌𒀉	–
	iš-ḫa-an-ta, iš-ḫa-ni-it	–
More than one syllabification is possible. For more information see Wiktionary:Hittite transliteration

Derived terms

• 𒅖𒄩𒉡𒉿𒀭𒍝 (iš-ḫa-nu-wa-an-za, “bloody”)
• 𒂊𒌍𒄩𒀸𒃷𒍝 (e-es-ḫa-aš-kán-za, “bloodied”)
• 𒅖𒄯𒉿𒀭𒍝 (is-ḫar-wa-an-za, “bloody”)
• 𒂊𒌍𒄯𒉡𒍣 (e-eš-ḫar-nu-uz-zi, “to make bloody, to smear with blood”)

References

• Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 256ff