𑀧𑀠𑀫
Prakrit
Alternative forms
- 𑀧𑀼𑀠𑀫 (puḍhama), 𑀧𑀠𑀼𑀫 (paḍhuma), 𑀧𑀼𑀠𑀼𑀫 (puḍhuma), 𑀧𑀼𑀟𑀫 (puḍama), 𑀧𑀟𑀫 (paḍama)
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit प्रथम (prathamá). Compare Pali paṭhama.
Adjective
𑀧𑀠𑀫 (paḍhama) (Devanagari पढम, Kannada ಪಢಮ) (Maharastri, Ardhamagadhi, Jain Maharastri, Sauraseni, Magadhi) (ordinal number)
- first
Declension
| Maharastri declension of 𑀧𑀠𑀫 (masculine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑁄 (paḍhamo) | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸 (paḍhamā) |
| Accusative | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀁 (paḍhamaṃ) | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑁂 (paḍhame) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸 (paḍhamā) |
| Instrumental | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑁂𑀡 (paḍhameṇa) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑁂𑀡𑀁 (paḍhameṇaṃ) | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (paḍhamehi) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (paḍhamehiṃ) |
| Dative | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀅 (paḍhamāa) | — |
| Ablative | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀑 (paḍhamāo) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀉 (paḍhamāu) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸 (paḍhamā) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (paḍhamāhi) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (paḍhamāhiṃto) | — |
| Genitive | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 (paḍhamassa) | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀡 (paḍhamāṇa) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀁 (paḍhamāṇaṃ) |
| Locative | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (paḍhamammi) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑁂 (paḍhame) | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼 (paḍhamesu) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (paḍhamesuṃ) |
| Vocative | 𑀧𑀠𑀫 (paḍhama) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸 (paḍhamā) | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸 (paḍhamā) |
| Maharastri declension of 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸 (feminine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸 (paḍhamā) | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀑 (paḍhamāo) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀉 (paḍhamāu) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸 (paḍhamā) |
| Accusative | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀁 (paḍhamaṃ) | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀑 (paḍhamāo) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀉 (paḍhamāu) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸 (paḍhamā) |
| Instrumental | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀏 (paḍhamāe) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀇 (paḍhamāi) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀅 (paḍhamāa) | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (paḍhamāhi) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (paḍhamāhiṃ) |
| Dative | — | — |
| Ablative | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀑 (paḍhamāo) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀉 (paḍhamāu) | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (paḍhamāhiṃto) |
| Genitive | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀏 (paḍhamāe) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀇 (paḍhamāi) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀅 (paḍhamāa) | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀡 (paḍhamāṇa) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀁 (paḍhamāṇaṃ) |
| Locative | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀏 (paḍhamāe) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀇 (paḍhamāi) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀅 (paḍhamāa) | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀲𑀼 (paḍhamāsu) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (paḍhamāsuṃ) |
| Vocative | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑁂 (paḍhame) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸 (paḍhamā) | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀑 (paḍhamāo) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀉 (paḍhamāu) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸 (paḍhamā) |
| Maharastri declension of 𑀧𑀠𑀫 (neuter) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀁 (paḍhamaṃ) | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (paḍhamāiṃ) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀇 (paḍhamāi) |
| Accusative | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀁 (paḍhamaṃ) | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (paḍhamāiṃ) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀇 (paḍhamāi) |
| Instrumental | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑁂𑀡 (paḍhameṇa) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑁂𑀡𑀁 (paḍhameṇaṃ) | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (paḍhamehi) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (paḍhamehiṃ) |
| Dative | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀅 (paḍhamāa) | — |
| Ablative | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀑 (paḍhamāo) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀉 (paḍhamāu) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸 (paḍhamā) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (paḍhamāhi) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (paḍhamāhiṃto) | — |
| Genitive | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 (paḍhamassa) | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀡 (paḍhamāṇa) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀁 (paḍhamāṇaṃ) |
| Locative | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (paḍhamammi) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑁂 (paḍhame) | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼 (paḍhamesu) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (paḍhamesuṃ) |
| Vocative | 𑀧𑀠𑀫 (paḍhama) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸 (paḍhamā) | 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (paḍhamāiṃ) or 𑀧𑀠𑀫𑀸𑀇 (paḍhamāi) |
Descendants
- Sinhalese: පළමු (paḷamu)
Further reading
- Pischel, Richard; Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 92.
- Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923-1928), “पढम”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [Pāia-Sadda-Mahaṇṇavo; lit. Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “paḍhama”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 488