𑀥𑀁𑀫
Ashokan Prakrit
Etymology
From Sanskrit धर्म (dharma), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mos. Cognate to Pali dhamma, Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀥𑀫𑁆𑀫 (dhamma).
Noun
𑀥𑀁𑀫 (dhaṃma) m
- (Buddhism, Hinduism, Girnar, Kalsi) dharma: religious duty; natural law
- 269 BCE – 232 BCE, Ashoka, 5th major rock edict at Girnar line 3:
- 𑀥𑀁𑀫𑀘𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀦 𑀪𑁂𑀭𑀺𑀖𑁄𑀲𑁄 𑀅𑀳𑁄 𑀥𑀁𑀫𑀖𑁄𑀲𑁄 𑀯𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀦𑀤𑀭𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀸 𑀘 𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺 𑀤𑀲𑀡𑀸 𑀘
- dhaṃmacaraṇena bherighoso aho dhaṃmaghoso vimānadarsaṇā ca hasti dasaṇā ca
- 1925 translation by Eugen Hultzsch
- […] [due to] the practice of morality [by Ashoka], the sound of drums has become the sound of morality, showing the people representations of aerial chariots, representations of elephants, […]
- 𑀥𑀁𑀫𑀘𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀦 𑀪𑁂𑀭𑀺𑀖𑁄𑀲𑁄 𑀅𑀳𑁄 𑀥𑀁𑀫𑀖𑁄𑀲𑁄 𑀯𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀦𑀤𑀭𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀸 𑀘 𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺 𑀤𑀲𑀡𑀸 𑀘
Alternative forms
Attested at Bairat, Brahmagiri, Delhi-Topra, Dhauli, Girnar, Jaugada and Kalsi.
Dialectal forms of 𑀥𑀁𑀫 (“dharma”) | ||
---|---|---|
Variety | Location | Forms edit |
Central | Kalsi | 𑀥𑀁𑀫 (dhaṃma), 𑀥𑀫 (dhama) |
Delhi-Topra | 𑀥𑀁𑀫 (dhaṃma) | |
Lauriya-Araraj | 𑀥𑀫 (dhama) | |
Bairat | 𑀥𑀁𑀫 (dhaṃma) | |
East | Dhauli | 𑀥𑀁𑀫 (dhaṃma) |
Jaugada | 𑀥𑀁𑀫 (dhaṃma) | |
Northwest | Shahbazgarhi | 𐨢𐨿𐨪𐨨 (dhrama) |
Mansehra | 𐨢𐨨 (dhama), 𐨢𐨿𐨪𐨨 less common (dhrama) | |
West | Girnar | 𑀥𑀁𑀫 (dhaṃma), 𑀥𑀫 (dhama) |
South | Brahmagiri | 𑀥𑀁𑀫 (dhaṃma) |
Maski | 𑀥𑀫 (dhama) |
Map of dialectal forms of 𑀥𑀁𑀫 (“dharma”) | ||
---|---|---|
𑀥𑀁𑀫 (dhaṃma) (7) 𑀥𑀫 (dhama) (4) 𐨢𐨿𐨪𐨨 (dhrama) (2) 𐨢𐨨 (dhama) (1) |
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “dhárma”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press