𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂

𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂

See also: 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• tumhe (Latin script)
• तुम्हे (Devanagari script)
• তুম্হে (Bengali script)
• තුම‍්හෙ (Sinhalese script)
• တုမှေ (Burmese script)
• ตุมฺเห or ตุมเห (Thai script)
• ᨲᩩᨾ᩠ᩉᩮ (Tai Tham script)
• ຕຸມ຺ເຫ or ຕຸມເຫ (Lao script)
• តុម្ហេ (Khmer script)
• 𑄖𑄪𑄟𑄴𑄦𑄬 (Chakma script)

Pronoun

𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe)

1. Brahmi script form of tumhe, which is nominative/accusative plural of 𑀢𑁆𑀯𑀁 (tvaṃ, “you”)

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Prakrit

Alternative forms

• 𑀢𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂 (tubbhe) – Ardhamagadhi

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit युष्मे (yuṣme, locative of युष्मद् (yuṣmad, “you all”)), influenced by त्वम् (tvám, whence 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁 (tumaṃ)). Attested c. 268-232 BCE in Middle Indo-Aryan as Ashokan Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂 (tuphe). Cognate with Pali tumhe.

Pronoun

𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe) (Devanagari तुम्हे, Kannada ತುಮ್ಹೇ) (Maharastri, Sauraseni)

1. you all; second-person plural personal pronoun

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	—	𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe)
Accusative	—	𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe)
Instrumental	—	𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (tumhehiṃ)
Dative	—	—
Ablative	—	𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (tumhehiṃto)
Genitive	—	𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 (tumhāṇaṃ)
Locative	—	𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼 (tumhesu)
Vocative	—	—
Note: Many of these forms may be unattested.

Descendants

• Gujarati: તમે (tame)
• Konkani: तुमि (tumi)
• Old Marathi:

  Modi: 𑘝𑘳𑘦𑘿𑘮𑘹 (tumhe), 𑘝𑘳𑘦𑘿𑘮𑘲𑘽 (tumhīṃ)

  Devanagari: तुम्हे (tumhe), तुम्ही (tumhī)

  • Marathi: तुम्ही (tumhī)
• Punjabi: ਤੁਸੀਂ (tusī̃)
• Romani: tumen, tume
  • Balkan Romani: tume
  • Baltic Romani: tume
  • Kalo Finnish Romani: tume
  • Sinte Romani: tume
  • Vlax Romani: tume
  • Welsh Romani: tume
• Sauraseni Apabhramsa: तुम्हि (tumhi)
  • Hindustani: tum, tame

    Hindi: तुम, तमे

    Urdu: تم‎, تمہیں‎

References

• E.B. Cowell (1868) The Prákṛit Prakáśa‎, London: Trübner & Co., page 153
• Pischel, Richard; Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 300.
• Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 39.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “yuṣmad”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press