𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭

𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭

Prakrit

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀦𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀪𑀭 (nirbhara).

Adjective

𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭 (ṇibbhara) (Devanagari णिब्भर, Kannada ಣಿಬ್ಭರ) (Maharastri)

1. full, full of
   • c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 128:

     𑀫𑀳𑀼-𑀫𑀸𑀲-𑀫𑀸𑀭𑀼𑀆𑀳𑀅-𑀫𑀳𑀼𑀅𑀭-𑀛𑀁𑀓𑀸𑀭-𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂 𑀭𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑁇
     𑀕𑀸𑀈 𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀳-𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭𑀸𑀯𑀤𑁆𑀥-𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅-𑀫𑀡-𑀫𑁄𑀳𑀡𑀁 𑀕𑁄𑀯𑀻𑁈

     mahu-māsa-māruāhaa-mahuara-jhaṃkāra-ṇibbhare raṇṇe.
     gāī viraha-akkharāvaddha-pahia-maṇa-mohaṇaṃ govī.

     • 2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken

       The spring wind stirs the forest, loud with the drone of bees,
       And the cowgirl’s song about parted lovers troubles the lonely traveler.

   • c. 400 CE, Pravarasena II, Rāvaṇavadha Canto X, line 17:

     𑀅𑀯𑀭-𑀤𑀺𑀲𑀸-𑀯𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺𑀡𑁄 𑀤𑀻𑀳-𑀫𑀊𑀳-𑀯𑀺𑀲𑀫-𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀳𑀸-𑀲𑀁𑀖𑀸𑀑𑁇
     𑀭𑀅-𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁄-𑀯𑁆𑀯 𑀤𑀻𑀲𑀇 𑀓𑀸𑀮-𑀫𑀼𑀳-𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢-𑀤𑀺𑀅𑀲-𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀡 𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑁄𑁈

     avara-disā-vitthiṇo dīha-maūha-visama-ppahā-saṃghāo.
     raa-ṇibbharo-vva dīsaï kāla-muha-kkhitta-diasa-kaḍḍhaṇa maggo.

     • 1974 translation by Krishna Kanta Handique

       The massive lustre [of the setting sun], uneven with lengthening rays, and spreading in the west,
       seemed to be the dusty trail of the day while it was snatched away by the jaws of Death.

   • c. 1122 – 1123, Devendra, Uttarādhyayana-Vṛtti I. Bambhadatta page 16 lines 16-18:

     𑀢𑀑 𑀧𑀬𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 𑀦𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂 𑀓𑀻𑀮𑀸-𑀭𑀲𑁂 𑀓𑀻𑀮𑀁𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼 𑀯𑀺𑀯𑀺𑀳-𑀓𑀻𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 𑀢𑀭𑀼𑀡-𑀦𑀭-𑀦𑀸𑀭𑀻-𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀲𑀼
     𑀅𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀺𑀬𑀁-𑀘𑁂𑀯 𑀫𑀬-𑀧𑀭𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀲𑁄 𑀕𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀬-𑀫𑀺𑀁𑀞𑁄 𑀦𑀺𑀭𑀁𑀓𑀼𑀲𑁄 𑀯𑀺𑀬𑀭𑀺𑀑 𑀭𑀸𑀬-𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀻

     tao payatte nibbhare kīlā-rase kīlaṃtesu viviha-kīlāhiṃ taruṇa-nara-nārī-satthesu
     atakkiyaṃ-ceva maya-paravvaso gāliya-miṃṭho niraṃkuso viyario rāya-hatthī

     • 1909 translation by John Jacob Meyer

       When thereupon the pleasure of sports was at its height and the companies of young men and women were amusing themselves with various pastimes, unexpectedly a royal elephant that was beside himself with rut and had thrown off his driver and [so] was not curbed by the hook, strayed thither.

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁄 (ṇibbharo)	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (ṇibbharā)
Accusative	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀁 (ṇibbharaṃ)	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂 (ṇibbhare) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (ṇibbharā)
Instrumental	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀡 (ṇibbhareṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (ṇibbhareṇaṃ)	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ṇibbharehi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (ṇibbharehiṃ)
Dative	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀅 (ṇibbharāa)	—
Ablative	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ṇibbharāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ṇibbharāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (ṇibbharā) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ṇibbharāhi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ṇibbharāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ṇibbharassa)	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀡 (ṇibbharāṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (ṇibbharāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (ṇibbharammi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂 (ṇibbhare)	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (ṇibbharesu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (ṇibbharesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭 (ṇibbhara) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (ṇibbharā)	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (ṇibbharā)

Maharastri declension of 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (feminine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (ṇibbharā)	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ṇibbharāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ṇibbharāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (ṇibbharā)
Accusative	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀁 (ṇibbharaṃ)	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ṇibbharāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ṇibbharāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (ṇibbharā)
Instrumental	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀏 (ṇibbharāe) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀇 (ṇibbharāi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀅 (ṇibbharāa)	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ṇibbharāhi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (ṇibbharāhiṃ)
Dative	—	—
Ablative	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ṇibbharāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ṇibbharāu)	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ṇibbharāhiṃto)
Genitive	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀏 (ṇibbharāe) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀇 (ṇibbharāi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀅 (ṇibbharāa)	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀡 (ṇibbharāṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (ṇibbharāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀏 (ṇibbharāe) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀇 (ṇibbharāi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀅 (ṇibbharāa)	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀲𑀼 (ṇibbharāsu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (ṇibbharāsuṃ)
Vocative	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂 (ṇibbhare) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (ṇibbharā)	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ṇibbharāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ṇibbharāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (ṇibbharā)

Maharastri declension of 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭 (neuter)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀁 (ṇibbharaṃ)	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (ṇibbharāiṃ) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀇 (ṇibbharāi)
Accusative	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀁 (ṇibbharaṃ)	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (ṇibbharāiṃ) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀇 (ṇibbharāi)
Instrumental	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀡 (ṇibbhareṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (ṇibbhareṇaṃ)	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ṇibbharehi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (ṇibbharehiṃ)
Dative	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀅 (ṇibbharāa)	—
Ablative	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀑 (ṇibbharāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀉 (ṇibbharāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (ṇibbharā) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ṇibbharāhi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ṇibbharāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ṇibbharassa)	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀡 (ṇibbharāṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (ṇibbharāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (ṇibbharammi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂 (ṇibbhare)	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (ṇibbharesu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (ṇibbharesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭 (ṇibbhara) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸 (ṇibbharā)	𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (ṇibbharāiṃ) or 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭𑀸𑀇 (ṇibbharāi)

Derived terms

• *𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭-𑀟 (*ṇibbhara-ḍa)
  • Old Marathi: (“hard-hearted”)

    Devanagari: निबरड (nibaraḍa)

    Modi: 𑘡𑘲𑘤𑘨𑘚 (nībaraḍa)

Descendants

• Ahirani: निब्बर (nibbar)
• Old Marathi:

  Devanagari: निबर (nibara)

  Modi: 𑘡𑘲𑘤𑘨 (nībara)

  • Marathi:

    Devanagari: निबर (nibar)

    Modi: 𑘡𑘲𑘤𑘨 (nībar)

  • Varhadi:

    Devanagari: निबर (nibar)

    Modi: 𑘡𑘲𑘤𑘨 (nībar)

  • → Old Kannada: ನಿಬ್ಬರ (nibbara)

References

• Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923-1928), “णिब्भर”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [Pāia-Sadda-Mahaṇṇavo; lit. Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 402.
• Otto von Böhtlingk (1877), “णिब्भर”, in Sanskrit-Chrestomathie (chapter “Prakrit-Index”) (in German), St. Petersburg: Eggers & Co., OCLC 1124007214, page 334 of 372
• Pischel, Richard; Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, pages 202, 411.
• Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 107.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ṇibbhara”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 417