𑀘𑀺𑀅
Prakrit
Alternative forms
- 𑀘𑁂𑀅 (cea)
- 𑀘𑀺𑀬 (ciya), 𑀘𑁂𑀬 (ceya), 𑀘𑁂𑀯 (ceva) – Jain Maharastri
Etymology
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀘𑁂𑀯 (ceva). Cognate with Sauraseni Prakrit, Ardhamagadhi Prakrit 𑀘𑁂𑀯 (ceva).
Particle
𑀘𑀺𑀅 (cia) (Devanagari चिअ, Kannada ಚಿಅ) (Maharastri) (enclitic)
- precisely, only
- c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 16:
- 𑀅𑀫𑀅-𑀫𑀅 𑀕𑀅𑀡-𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀭 𑀭𑀅𑀡𑀻-𑀫𑀼𑀳-𑀢𑀺𑀮𑀅 𑀘𑀁𑀤 𑀤𑁂 𑀙𑀺𑀯𑀲𑀼
𑀙𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 𑀚𑁂𑀳𑀺 𑀧𑀺𑀅𑀅𑀫𑁄 𑀫𑀫𑀁-𑀧𑀺 𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁-𑀘𑀺𑀅 𑀓𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁- amaa-maa gaaṇa-sehara raaṇī-muha-tilaa caṃda de chivasu
chitto jehi piaamo mamaṃ-pi tehiṃ-cia karehiṃ - Sweet moon, crest jewel of the sky, beauty spot on the face of night,
Touch me with the very same rays with which you’ve touched my most dearly beloved.
- amaa-maa gaaṇa-sehara raaṇī-muha-tilaa caṃda de chivasu
- 𑀅𑀫𑀅-𑀫𑀅 𑀕𑀅𑀡-𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀭 𑀭𑀅𑀡𑀻-𑀫𑀼𑀳-𑀢𑀺𑀮𑀅 𑀘𑀁𑀤 𑀤𑁂 𑀙𑀺𑀯𑀲𑀼
Descendants
- Konkani: -c (suffix used to denote emphasis)
- Devanagari: -च
- Kannada: -ಚ್
- Latin: -ch
- Old Marathi:
- Devanagari: -च (-ca), -चि (-ci)
- Modi: -𑘓 (-ca), -𑘓𑘲 (-cī)
- Marathi: -च (-ca)
- → Hindi: -ईच (-īc) (dialectal)
Further reading
- Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923-1928), “चिअ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [Pāia-Sadda-Mahaṇṇavo; lit. Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
- Pischel, Richard; Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 83.
- Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 105.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “caiva”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press