๐๐๐๐๐
Prakrit
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit เคเคคเฅเคทเฅเค (catuแนฃka). Cognate with Sauraseni Prakrit ๐๐ค๐ผ๐๐๐ (cadukka).
Noun
๐๐๐๐๐ (caรผkka) n (Devanagari เคเคเคเฅเค, Kannada เฒเฒเฒเณเฒ) (Ardhamagadhi, Maharastri)
- square, crossroads
- c. 700 CE, Anonymous, Maแนipati-Carita 5:
- ๐๐๐ซ๐ผ๐ณ-๐๐๐๐๐-๐๐๐๐๐ญ-๐ข๐บ๐ฌ-๐๐๐ฌ๐ญ-๐ข๐๐ญ๐ก๐๐ณ๐บ ๐ฒ๐ผ-๐ฏ๐บ๐ช๐ข๐๐ข๐ธ ๐ญ๐ซ๐ก๐ป๐ฌ๐ธ ๐ญ๐ธ๐ซ-๐ฒ๐ญ๐-๐ง๐ผ๐๐๐๐ญ๐ก๐ป-๐ฆ๐บ๐ฌ๐ญ-๐ฒ๐๐๐ผ๐ข๐๐ข๐ธ
- caรผmuha-caรผkka-caccara-tiya-goyara-toraแนehi su-vibhattฤ ramaแนฤซyฤ rฤma-saro-pukkharaแนฤซ-niyara-saแนjuttฤ
- [There in that pleasant country [โฆ] ] is a city properly divided by gates giving access to squares, court-yards, and intersections of three or four roads, attractive and possessed of numbers of agreeable lakes and lotus-pools.
- ๐๐๐ซ๐ผ๐ณ-๐๐๐๐๐-๐๐๐๐๐ญ-๐ข๐บ๐ฌ-๐๐๐ฌ๐ญ-๐ข๐๐ญ๐ก๐๐ณ๐บ ๐ฒ๐ผ-๐ฏ๐บ๐ช๐ข๐๐ข๐ธ ๐ญ๐ซ๐ก๐ป๐ฌ๐ธ ๐ญ๐ธ๐ซ-๐ฒ๐ญ๐-๐ง๐ผ๐๐๐๐ญ๐ก๐ป-๐ฆ๐บ๐ฌ๐ญ-๐ฒ๐๐๐ผ๐ข๐๐ข๐ธ
Declension
| Maharastri declension of ๐๐๐๐๐ (neuter) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐๐๐๐๐๐ (caรผkkaแน) | ๐๐๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ (caรผkkฤiแน) or ๐๐๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (caรผkkฤi) |
| Accusative | ๐๐๐๐๐๐ (caรผkkaแน) | ๐๐๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ (caรผkkฤiแน) or ๐๐๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (caรผkkฤi) |
| Instrumental | ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ก (caรผkkeแนa) or ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ก๐ (caรผkkeแนaแน) | ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ณ๐บ (caรผkkehi) or ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (caรผkkehiแน) |
| Dative | ๐๐๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (caรผkkฤa) | โ |
| Ablative | ๐๐๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (caรผkkฤo) or ๐๐๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (caรผkkฤu) or ๐๐๐๐๐๐ธ (caรผkkฤ) or ๐๐๐๐๐๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (caรผkkฤhi) or ๐๐๐๐๐๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (caรผkkฤhiแนto) | โ |
| Genitive | ๐๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐๐ฒ (caรผkkassa) | ๐๐๐๐๐๐ธ๐ก (caรผkkฤแนa) or ๐๐๐๐๐๐ธ๐ก๐ (caรผkkฤแนaแน) |
| Locative | ๐๐๐๐๐๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (caรผkkammi) or ๐๐๐๐๐๐ (caรผkke) | ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐ผ (caรผkkesu) or ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (caรผkkesuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐๐๐๐๐ (caรผkka) or ๐๐๐๐๐๐ธ (caรผkkฤ) | ๐๐๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ (caรผkkฤiแน) or ๐๐๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (caรผkkฤi) |
Descendants
- Old Marathi: cauka
- Devanagari: เคเฅเค
- Modi: ๐๐ผ๐
- Marathi: เคเฅเค (cauk)
References
- Pischel, Richard; Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 210.
- Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakritโ, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 19.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ1985), โcatuแนฃkaโ, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press