𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡
Ashokan Prakrit
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa, “cause, reason, factor”), ultimately from the root कृ (kṛ). Cognate with Pali kāraṇa.
Noun
𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa) n[1]
- purpose, cause
Alternative forms
Attested at Girnar.
| Dialectal forms of 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (“purpose, cause”) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Forms edit |
| Central | Kalsi | 𑀓𑀸𑀮𑀦 (kālana) |
| Delhi-Topra | 𑀓𑀸𑀮𑀦 (kālana) | |
| Northwest | Shahbazgarhi | 𐨐𐨪𐨞 (karaṇa) |
| West | Girnar | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa) |
| Map of dialectal forms of 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (“purpose, cause”) | ||
|---|---|---|
 𑀓𑀸𑀮𑀦 (kālana) (2) 𐨐𐨪𐨞 (karaṇa) (1) 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa) (1) | ||
Descendants
- Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa) (see there for further descendants)
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kāraṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Pali
Alternative scripts
Alternative forms
- kāraṇa (Latin script)
- कारण (Devanagari script)
- কারণ (Bengali script)
- කාරණ (Sinhalese script)
- ကာရဏ or ၵႃရꧣ (Burmese script)
- การณ or การะณะ (Thai script)
- ᨠᩣᩁᨱ (Tai Tham script)
- ກາຣຓ or ກາຣະຓະ (Lao script)
- ការណ (Khmer script)
- 𑄇𑄂𑄢𑄕 (Chakma script)
Noun
𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 n
- Brahmi script form of kāraṇa
Declension
Declension table of "𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡" (neuter)
| Case \\ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇaṃ) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀦𑀺 (kāraṇāni) |
| Accusative (second) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇaṃ) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀦𑀺 (kāraṇāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀦 (kāraṇena) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kāraṇehi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀪𑀺 (kāraṇebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (kāraṇassa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀬 (kāraṇāya) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (kāraṇatthaṃ) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀦𑀁 (kāraṇānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀸 (kāraṇasmā) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸 (kāraṇamhā) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸 (kāraṇā) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kāraṇehi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀪𑀺 (kāraṇebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (kāraṇassa) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀦𑀁 (kāraṇānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺𑀁 (kāraṇasmiṃ) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (kāraṇamhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂 (kāraṇe) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (kāraṇesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀦𑀺 (kāraṇāni) |
Prakrit
Etymology
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa).
Noun
𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa) n (Devanagari कारण)
- cause, reason, purpose
- means
Declension
| Magadhi declension of 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (neuter) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇaṃ) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kāraṇāiṃ) |
| Accusative | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇaṃ) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kāraṇāiṃ) |
| Instrumental | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀡 (kāraṇeṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇeṇaṃ) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kāraṇehi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (kāraṇehiṃ) |
| Dative | — | — |
| Ablative | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀤𑁄 (kāraṇādo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (kāraṇatto) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kāraṇāhiṃto) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀤𑀼 (kāraṇādu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kāraṇāhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸 (kāraṇā) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀰𑀼𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kāraṇaśuṃto) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kāraṇāhiṃto) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kāraṇāhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (kāraṇatto) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀤𑁄 (kāraṇādo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀤𑀼 (kāraṇādu) |
| Genitive | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀰𑁆𑀰 (kāraṇaśśa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳 (kāraṇāha) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇāṇaṃ) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀁 (kāraṇāhaṃ) |
| Locative | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂 (kāraṇe) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (kāraṇamhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (kāraṇammi) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀰𑀼 (kāraṇeśu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀰𑀼𑀁 (kāraṇeśuṃ) |
| Vocative | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇaṃ) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kāraṇāiṃ) |
| Maharastri declension of 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (neuter) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇaṃ) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kāraṇāiṃ) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇 (kāraṇāi) |
| Accusative | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇaṃ) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kāraṇāiṃ) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇 (kāraṇāi) |
| Instrumental | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀡 (kāraṇeṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇeṇaṃ) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kāraṇehi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (kāraṇehiṃ) |
| Dative | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀅 (kāraṇāa) | — |
| Ablative | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀑 (kāraṇāo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀉 (kāraṇāu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸 (kāraṇā) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kāraṇāhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kāraṇāhiṃto) | — |
| Genitive | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (kāraṇassa) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀡 (kāraṇāṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇāṇaṃ) |
| Locative | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (kāraṇammi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂 (kāraṇe) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (kāraṇesu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (kāraṇesuṃ) |
| Vocative | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸 (kāraṇā) | 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kāraṇāiṃ) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇 (kāraṇāi) |
Descendants
- Helu:
- Sinhalese: කරුණ (karuṇa)
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Nepali: कारण (kāraṇ)
- Magadhi Prakrit:
- Assamese: কাৰণ (karon)
- Bengali: কারণ (karôṇô)
- Maithili: kāraṇ
- Devanagari: कारण
- Tirhuta: 𑒏𑒰𑒩𑒝
- Oriya: କାରଣ (karôṇô)
- Rajbanshi: कारन
- Maharastri Prakrit:
- Konkani: kāraṇ
- Devanagari: कारण
- Kannada: ಕಾರಣ್
- Latin: karonn
- Old Marathi: kāraṇa
- Devanagari: कारण
- Modi: 𑘎𑘰𑘨𑘜
- Marathi: कारण (kāraṇ)
- Konkani: kāraṇ
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Old Punjabi: ਕਾਰਣੁ (kāraṇu), ਕਾਰਨੁ (kāranu)
- Punjabi: kāran
- Gurmukhi: ਕਾਰਨ
- Shahmukhi: کارَن
- Punjabi: kāran
- Sindhi:
- Arabic: ڪارَڻُ
- Devanagari: कारणु
- Old Punjabi: ਕਾਰਣੁ (kāraṇu), ਕਾਰਨੁ (kāranu)
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Gurjar Apabhramsa:
- Old Gujarati: कारण (kāraṇa)
- Gujarati: કારણ (kāraṇ)
- Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati: کارن (kāran)
- Marwari: कारण (kāraṇ)
- Gujarati: કારણ (kāraṇ)
- Old Gujarati: कारण (kāraṇa)
- Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
- Old Hindi: कारंण (kārãṇ)
- Gurjar Apabhramsa:
Further reading
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kāraṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923-1928), “कारण”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [Pāia-Sadda-Mahaṇṇavo; lit. Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- कारण (Devanagari script)
- ᬓᬵᬭᬡ (Balinese script)
- কাৰণ (Assamese script)
- কারণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰯𑰨𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑌕𑌾𑌰𑌣 (Grantha script)
- કારણ (Gujarati script)
- ਕਾਰਣ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦏꦴꦫꦟ (Javanese script)
- ការណ (Khmer script)
- ಕಾರಣ (Kannada script)
- ກາຣຓ (Lao script)
- കാരണ (Malayalam script)
- 𑘎𑘰𑘨𑘜 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠠᢗᠷᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᡬᠠ᠊ᠠᡵᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
- ကာရဏ (Burmese script)
- 𑦮𑧑𑧈𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑐵𑐬𑐞 (Newa script)
- କାରଣ (Oriya script)
- ꢒꢵꢬꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆳𑆫𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖯𑖨𑖜 (Siddham script)
- කාරණ (Sinhalese script)
- కారణ (Telugu script)
- การณ (Thai script)
- ཀཱ་ར་ཎ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒰𑒩𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
Noun
𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 • (kāraṇa) n
- Brahmi script form of कारण