𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭
Prakrit
Alternative forms
- 𑀓𑀸𑀤𑀮 (kādala) – Magadhi (see there for further descendants)
- 𑀓𑀸𑀅𑀭 (kāara) – Maharastri (see there for further descendants)
- 𑀓𑀸𑀤𑀭 (kādara) – Sauraseni (see there for further descendants)
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀓𑀸𑀢𑀭 (kātara).
Adjective
𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭 (kāyara) (Devanagari कायर) (Ardhamagadhi)
- timid, cowardly
- Prākṛta-sūkta-ratna-mālā 58:
- 𑀚𑀁-𑀘𑀺𑀬 𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀺𑀡𑀸 𑀮𑀺𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀁 𑀢𑀁-𑀘𑀺𑀬 𑀧𑀭𑀺𑀡𑀫𑀇 𑀲𑀬𑀮-𑀮𑁄𑀕𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁇
𑀇𑀬 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀯𑀺-𑀳𑀼 𑀥𑀻𑀭𑀸 𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀼𑀭𑁂𑀯𑀺 𑀦 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 𑀳𑀼𑀁𑀢𑀺𑁈- jaṃ-ciya vihiṇā lihiaṃ taṃ-ciya pariṇamaï sayala-logassa.
iya jāṇevi-hu dhīrā vihurevi na kāyarā huṃti.
- 1919 translation by Puran Chand Nahar
- Knowing that whatever is written by destiny, comes to pass all persons,
the wise though in a difficulty, never become depressed.
- Knowing that whatever is written by destiny, comes to pass all persons,
- jaṃ-ciya vihiṇā lihiaṃ taṃ-ciya pariṇamaï sayala-logassa.
- 𑀚𑀁-𑀘𑀺𑀬 𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀺𑀡𑀸 𑀮𑀺𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀁 𑀢𑀁-𑀘𑀺𑀬 𑀧𑀭𑀺𑀡𑀫𑀇 𑀲𑀬𑀮-𑀮𑁄𑀕𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁇
Declension
| Maharastri declension of 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭 (masculine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁄 (kāyaro) | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā) |
| Accusative | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀁 (kāyaraṃ) | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂 (kāyare) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā) |
| Instrumental | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀡 (kāyareṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (kāyareṇaṃ) | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kāyarehi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (kāyarehiṃ) |
| Dative | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀅 (kāyarāa) | — |
| Ablative | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀑 (kāyarāo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀉 (kāyarāu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kāyarāhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kāyarāhiṃto) | — |
| Genitive | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (kāyarassa) | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀡 (kāyarāṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (kāyarāṇaṃ) |
| Locative | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (kāyarammi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂 (kāyare) | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (kāyaresu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (kāyaresuṃ) |
| Vocative | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭 (kāyara) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā) | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā) |
| Maharastri declension of 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (feminine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā) | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀑 (kāyarāo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀉 (kāyarāu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā) |
| Accusative | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀁 (kāyaraṃ) | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀑 (kāyarāo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀉 (kāyarāu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā) |
| Instrumental | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀏 (kāyarāe) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀇 (kāyarāi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀅 (kāyarāa) | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kāyarāhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (kāyarāhiṃ) |
| Dative | — | — |
| Ablative | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀑 (kāyarāo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀉 (kāyarāu) | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kāyarāhiṃto) |
| Genitive | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀏 (kāyarāe) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀇 (kāyarāi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀅 (kāyarāa) | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀡 (kāyarāṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (kāyarāṇaṃ) |
| Locative | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀏 (kāyarāe) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀇 (kāyarāi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀅 (kāyarāa) | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀲𑀼 (kāyarāsu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (kāyarāsuṃ) |
| Vocative | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂 (kāyare) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā) | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀑 (kāyarāo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀉 (kāyarāu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā) |
| Maharastri declension of 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭 (neuter) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀁 (kāyaraṃ) | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kāyarāiṃ) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀇 (kāyarāi) |
| Accusative | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀁 (kāyaraṃ) | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kāyarāiṃ) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀇 (kāyarāi) |
| Instrumental | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀡 (kāyareṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (kāyareṇaṃ) | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kāyarehi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (kāyarehiṃ) |
| Dative | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀅 (kāyarāa) | — |
| Ablative | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀑 (kāyarāo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀉 (kāyarāu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kāyarāhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kāyarāhiṃto) | — |
| Genitive | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (kāyarassa) | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀡 (kāyarāṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (kāyarāṇaṃ) |
| Locative | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (kāyarammi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂 (kāyare) | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (kāyaresu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (kāyaresuṃ) |
| Vocative | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭 (kāyara) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā) | 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kāyarāiṃ) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀇 (kāyarāi) |
Derived terms
- 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀺𑀬 (kāyariya)
Descendants
- Dogri: kāyar
- Devanagari: कायर
- Dogra: 𑠊𑠬𑠣𑠤
- Nepali: कायर (kāyar)
- Old Punjabi: ਕਾਇਰੁ (kāiru)
- Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi: ਕਾਇਰ (kāira)
- Shahmukhi: کائر (kā'ir)
- Punjabi:
- Sindhi: kā̃iru
- Arabic: ڪَانئِرُ
- Devanagari: कांइरु
- Khudawadi: 𑊺𑋠𑋟𑊲𑋙𑋣
References
- Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923-1928), “कायर”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [Pāia-Sadda-Mahaṇṇavo; lit. Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 237.
- Pischel, Richard; Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 154.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kāyara”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 154