𑀅𑀨𑁂

Ashokan Prakrit

Etymology

From Sanskrit अस्मे (asme) (locative of वयम् (vayam, “we”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *asmáy, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé. Cognate with Pali amhe.

Pronoun

𑀅𑀨𑁂 (aphe)

we; first-person plural personal pronoun

Alternative forms

Attested at Dhauli and Jaugada.

Dialectal forms of 𑀅𑀨𑁂 (“we”)
Variety	Location	Forms edit
East	Dhauli	𑀅𑀨𑁂 (aphe)
East	Jaugada	𑀅𑀨𑁂 (aphe)

Map of dialectal forms of 𑀅𑀨𑁂 (“we”)
𑀅𑀨𑁂 (aphe) (2)

Descendants

Khasa Prakrit: [Term?]
- Garhwali: हम (ham)
- Nepali: हामी (hāmī)
Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀫𑁂 (asme)
- Bengali-Assamese:
  - Kamarupi Prakrit: 𑖁𑖦𑖿𑖮𑖸 (āmhe, “I, we”)
    - Early Assamese: আমি (ami, “I, we”), আহ্মি (amhi)
      - Assamese: আমি (ami)
    - Kamta: আমি (ami)
  - Bengali: আমি (ami)
  - Rajbanshi: হামি (hami)
  - Rohingya: aññi
  - Sylheti: ꠀꠝꠤ (ami)
- Bhojpuri:
  - Devanagari: हम (ham)
  - Kaithi: 𑂯𑂧 (ham)
- Oriya: ଆମେ (ame)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe)
- Konkani: āmi
  Devanagari: आमि
  Kannada: ಆಮಿ
  Latin: ami
- Old Marathi:
  Modi: 𑘁𑘦𑘲𑘽 (āmīṁ), 𑘁𑘦𑘿𑘮𑘲 (āmhī)
  Devanagari: आमीं (āmīṃ), आम्ही (āmhī)
  - Marathi: आम्ही (āmhī)
Paisaci Prakrit: [Term?]
- Takka Apabhramsa: [Term?]
  - Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi: ਅਸੀਂ (asī̃), ਅਸਾਂ (asā̃)
    Shahmukhi: اسیں‎ (āsỹ), اساں‎ (āsā̃)
- Vracada Apabhramsa: [Term?]
  - Sindhi:
    Arabic: اسين‎, اسان‎
    Devanagari: असीं, असां
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe)
- Gurjar Apabhramsa: [Term?]
  - Old Gujarati: [Term?]
    - Gujarati: અમે (ame)
  - Saurashtra: ꢂꢪꢶ (ami)
- Sauraseni Apabhramsa: अम्हे (amhe)
  - Old Hindi: हम (hama), हंम (haṃma)
    - Braj: हम (ham)
    - Hindustani:
      Hindi: हम (ham)
      Urdu: ہم‎ (ham)
- Romani: ame
  - Kalo Finnish Romani: ame

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) , “asmad (986)”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Sen, Sukumar (1960) A Comparative Grammar of Middle Indo-Aryan‎, Linguistic Society of India, page 109