πΏπ£π‘π²π‘π π π«πΉπ‘πΉ π π±πΌ π πΏπ’π₯ππΆ
Old Persian
Reliefs depicting the soldiers of the Achaemenid army, Xerxes I tomb, circa 480 BCE. The Achaemenids referred to all nomads to their north as Saka, and divided them into three categories: The SakΔ tyai paradraya ("beyond the sea"), the SakΔ tigraxaudΔ ("with pointed caps"), and the SakΔ haumavargΔ ("who lay Haoma around").[1]
Etymology
Literally means "Scythians who live beyond Sogdiana", from πΏπ£π‘π²π‘π (s-k-i-b-i-Ε‘ /SakaibiΕ‘/, βScythians, Sacaeansβ) + π«πΉπ‘πΉ (t-y-i-y /tayaiy/, βwho, whichβ) + π±πΌ (p-r /para/, βbeyondβ) + πΏπ’π₯ππΆ (s-u-g-d-m /Sugdam/, βSogdianaβ)[2], in reference to them living beyond Sogdiana with respect to the Achaemenid Empire.
Compare:
- πΏπ£π π π«πΉπ‘πΉ π π±πΌππΌπΉ (SakΔ tayaiy paradraya, literally βScythians who live across the Seaβ)
- πΏπ£π π π«π‘π₯πΌπ§π’ππ (SakΔ tigraxaudΔ, literally βScythians with pointed capsβ)
- πΏπ£π π ππ’πΆπΊπΌπ₯π (SakΔ haumavargΔ, literally βScythians who lay hauma-plants around (the fire)β)
Proper noun
πΏπ£π‘π²π‘π π π«πΉπ‘πΉ π π±πΌ π πΏπ’π₯ππΆ (s-k-i-b-i-Ε‘ : t-y-i-y : p-r : s-u-g-d-m /SakaibiΕ‘ tayaiy para Sugdam/)
- A group of Scythians from Central Asia
- DH
- ππ πΌπΉπΊπ’π π π π πΊππΌπ£ π π π ππΉ<π >π΄π πΆ π π π πππΉπ’πΊπ΄π πΆ
π π»π‘ππ«π πΏπ±ππΉπ π π±π’π π ππ§π πΆπ΄π‘ππ‘πΉ π
π°π π«π‘πΉ π ππ πΌπΉπΊπ’π π π π π‘πΆ π π§πππΆ π π«πΉ π π ππΆ
π ππ πΌπΉπ π·π‘πΉ π ππ¨π π πΏπ£π‘π²π‘π π π«πΉπ‘πΉ π π±πΌ
π πΏπ’π₯ππΆ π π πΆπ« π πΉπ π«π π π π π€π’ππ π ππ¨π π ππ‘ππ’πΊ
π π πΆπ« π πΉπ π«π π π π πΏπ±πΌππ π π«πΉπΆπ‘πΉ π π π’πΌπΆπππ
π π³πΌπ π²πΌ π ππΉ π πΆπ°π‘ππ« π π²π₯π π΄π πΆ π πΆπ πΆ
π π π’πΌπΆπππ π π±π π¬π’πΊ π π’π«π πΆπ‘πΉ π π»π‘π°πΆ- d-a-r-y-v-u-Ε‘ : XΕ : v-z-r-k : XΕ : XΕ -y<a>n-a-m : XΕ : d-h-y-u-v-n-a-m
: vi-i-Ε‘-t-a-s-p-h-y-a : p-u-Γ§ : h-x-a-m-n-i-Ε‘-i-y :
ΞΈ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-Ε‘ : XΕ : i-m : x-Ε‘-Γ§-m : t-y : a-d-m
: d-a-r-y-a-mi-i-y : h-c-a : s-k-i-b-i-Ε‘ : t-y-i-y : p-r
: s-u-g-d-m : a-m-t : y-a-t-a : a : ku-u-Ε‘-a : h-c-a : h-i-d-u-v
: a-m-t : y-a-t-a : a : s-p-r-d-a : t-y-m-i-y : a-u-r-m-z-d-a
: f-r-a-b-r : h-y : m-ΞΈ-i-Ε‘-t : b-g-a-n-a-m : m-a-m
: a-u-r-m-z-d-a : p-a-tu-u-v : u-t-a-m-i-y : vi-i-ΞΈ-m - /DΔrayavauΕ‘ : XΕ : vazraka : XΕ : XΕ yanΔm : XΕ : dahyΕ«vnΔm
: ViΕ‘tΔspahyΔ : puΓ§a : HaxΔmaniΕ‘iya :
ΞΈΔtiy : DΔrayavauΕ‘ : XΕ : ima : xΕ‘aΓ§am : tya : adam
: dΔrayΔmiy : hacΔ : SakaibiΕ‘ : tayaiy : para
: Sugdam : amata : yΔtΔ : Δ : KΕ«Ε‘Δ : hacΔ : Hidauv
: amata : yΔtΔ : Δ : SpardΔ : tyamaiy : AuramazdΔ
: frΔbara : hya : maΞΈiΕ‘ta : bagΔnΔm : mΔm
: AuramazdΔ : pΔtuv : utΔmaiy : viΞΈam/
Darius the Great King, King of Kings, King of Countries,
son of Hystaspes, an Achaemenian.
Saith Darius the King: This is the kingdom which I
hold, from the Scythians who are beyond
Sogdiana, thence unto Ethiopia; from India,
thence unto Libya - which Ahuramazda
the greatest of the gods bestowed upon me. Me
may Ahuramazda protect, and my royal house.
- d-a-r-y-v-u-Ε‘ : XΕ : v-z-r-k : XΕ : XΕ -y<a>n-a-m : XΕ : d-h-y-u-v-n-a-m
References
- "HAUMAVARGΔ" in EncyclopΓ¦dia Iranica, December 15, 2003
- Lexicon
- Text: DH, Part No. 61, Old Persian Corpus, TITUS: Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialienβ