𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹

𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹

Old Persian

Etymology

Literally means "Greeks who are across the Sea", from 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 (y-u-n-a /Yaunā/, “Greek”) + 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 (t-y-i-y /tyaiy/, “who, which”) + 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 (p-r-d-r-y /paradraya/, “across the sea”)[1], in reference to them living beyond the Aegean Sea with respect to the Achaemenid Empire in contrast to the Asian Greeks, termed 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 (Yaunā tyaiy drayahyā, literally “Greeks who are by the Sea”), who lived on the same side of the Aegean Sea as the Persians.

Compare with:

• 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 (Sakā tyaiy paradraya, literally “Scythians who are across the Sea”)
• 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 (Yaunā tyaiy drayahyā, literally “Greeks who are by the Sea”)
• 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐏁𐎣𐏃𐎹𐎠 (Yaunā tyaiy uškahyā, literally “Greeks who are of the Mainland”)
• 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎣𐎲𐎼𐎠 (Yaunā takabarā, literally “Greeks who wear shield-like hats”)
• 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎼 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹 (dahyāva tya para draya, literally “Countries which are across the Sea”)

Proper noun

𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 (Yaunā tyaiy paradraya)

1. European Greeks, Greeks who live in Greece proper
   • 522 BCE – 486 BCE, Darius I, DSe 26-31

     𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎸𐎢𐎭𐎼𐎠𐎹 𐏐
     𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 𐏐 𐎣𐎫𐎱𐎬𐎢𐎣 𐏐 𐎿𐎱𐎼𐎭 𐏐 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠
     𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹
     𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 𐏐 𐎿𐎤𐎢𐎭𐎼 𐏐 𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹
     𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎹 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁
     𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎯𐎢𐏁𐎣𐎼𐎫𐎶

      : a-θ-u-r-a  : a-r-b-a-y  : mu-u-d-r-a-y  :
     a-r-mi-i-n  : k-t-p-tu-u-k  : s-p-r-d  : y-u-n-a
      : t-y-i-y  : d-r-y-h-y-a  : u-t-a  : t-y-i-y
      : p-r-d-r-y  : s-ku-u-d-r  : y-u-n-a  : t-y-i-y
     p-r-d-r-y  : k-r-k-a  : θ-a-t-i-y  : d-a-r-y-v-u-š
      : XŠ  : v-s-i-y  : t-y  : du-u-š-k-r-t-m

     /: Aθurā : Arabāya : Mudrāya :
     Armina : Katpatuka : Sparda : Yaunā
     : tyaiy : drayahyā : utā : tyaiy
     : paradraya : Skudra : Yaunā : tyaiy
     paradraya : Karkā : θātiy : Dārayavauš
     : xšāyaθiya : vasiy : tya : duškartam/

     
     [...] Assyria, Arabia, Egypt,
     Armenia, Cappadocia, Lydia, the Greeks
     who are by the Sea and who are
     across the Sea, Thrace, the Greeks who are
     across the Sea. Saith Darius
     the King: much which was ill-done [...]

References

1. Lexicon

• Text: DSe, Part No. 41, Old Persian Corpus, TITUS: Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien‎