𐎫𐎢𐎶𐎠

𐎫𐎢𐎶𐎠

Old Persian

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *táwxmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *táwkmā, from Proto-Indo-European *téwk-mon, from *tewk-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬑𐬨𐬀𐬥‎ (taoxman), Sanskrit तोक्मन् (tókman).

Noun

𐎫𐎢𐎶𐎠 (t-u-m-a /taumā/)

1. family
2. the family unit

Descendants

• Middle Persian: (/tōhm/, "seed; family")

  Manichaean: 𐫤𐫇𐫍𐫖‎ (twhm), 𐫎𐫇𐫍𐫖‎ (ṯwhm)

  Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (twm)

  • ⇒ Middle Persian: ("family")

    Manichaean: 𐫎𐫇𐫍𐫖𐫃𐫀𐫗‎ pl (ṯwhmgʾn /tōhmagān/)

    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (twhmk /tōhmag/)

  • Gabri: [script needed] (tūm)
  • → Old Armenian: տոհմ (tohm, “tribe, kin, clan”)

References

• Prods Oktor Skjærvø (2016) An Introduction to Old Persian‎