𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐏁
Old Persian
Alternative forms
- 𐏃𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐏁 (h-u-v-a-r-z-mi-i-š) (dialect variant)
Etymology
Literally "dark-soiled land"[1], from *(h)uvāra- (“dark”) + *zmī- (“land”). Derived from an earlier form 𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐎹 (u-v-a-r-z-mi-i-y /ʰUvārazmī-/), itself cognate with the East Iranian form *Xvārazmī- (C.f.Avestan 𐬓𐬁𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬰𐬆𐬨 (xᵛāirizəm, “Chorasmia”)). More at Khwarazm.
Proper noun
𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐏁 (u-v-a-r-z-mi-i-š /ʰUvārazmiš/)
- Chorasmia
Derived terms
- 𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐎹 (u-v-a-r-z-mi-i-y /ʰUvārazmiya-/, “Chorasmian”)
Descendants
(taking Old Persian as representative for all Old Iranian):
- Middle Persian: (/Xwārazm/)
- Inscriptional Pahlavi: 𐭧𐭥𐭥𐭦𐭬 (ḥwrzm)
- Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwʾlcm)
- Pazend: 𐬓𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬰𐬨 (xᵛārazm)
- Classical Persian: خوارزم (Xwārazm)
- Dari: خوارزم (Xārazm)
- Tajik: Хоразм (Xorazm)
- Iranian Persian: خوارزم (Xārazm)
- → Arabic: خَوَارِزْم (ḵawārizm)
- → Armenian: Խորեզմ (Xorezm)
- → Azerbaijani: Xarəzm
- → English: Khwarazm
- → Kazakh: Хорезм (Xorezm)
- → Russian: Хоре́зм (Xorézm)
- → Turkish: Harezm
- → Turkmen: Horezm
- → Uzbek: Xorazm
- → Ancient Greek: Χορασμία (Khorasmía)
- → Latin: Chorasmia
- French: Chorasmie
- Italian: Corasmia
- → English: Chorasmia
- → Latin: Chorasmia
- → Egyptian:
- Late Egyptian:
(ḫꜣrwsꜣmj)[2][1],
(ḫꜣrwsꜣm)[3]
- Late Egyptian:
- → Elamite:
- Achaemenid Elamite: 𒈠𒊏𒆜𒈪𒆜 (ma-ra-iš-mi-iš /Maraišmiš/), 𒈠𒊏𒄑𒈠 (ma-ra-iz-ma /Maraizma/)[1]
- → Parthian: (/Xwārazm/)
- Inscriptional Parthian: 𐭇𐭅𐭓𐭆𐭌 (ḥwrzm)
- → Old Armenian: Խվարեզմ (Xvarezm)
References
- Tavernier, Jan (2007) Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN
- Jona Lendering, Susa, Statue of Darius, Subject R11, ch3rs3m' (OP. Uvârazmîy = Chorasmia), Livius.org
- Posener, Georges (1936) La première domination perse en Égypte: Recueil d’inscriptions hiéroglyphiques, page 184