𐎢𐎫𐎠

Old Persian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)utá, from *(H)u, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂u. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬎𐬙𐬀‎ (uta), Parthian [script needed] ('wd), Sanskrit उत (utá).

Mayrhofer and others suggested a further connection with Ancient Greek αὖτε (aûte, “again”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂u-te.[1] This connection has been disputed by later scholars due to the difference in usage, but a direct PIE ancestor is still possible; Celtiberian [Term?] (uta) serves an identical function, and on this basis Klein reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *utá.[2]

Conjunction

𐎢𐎫𐎠 (u-t-a)[3]

and

Descendants

Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭥𐭣‎ (ʾwd /ud/), 𐭠𐭥‎ (ʾw /u/) 𐭥
- Classical Persian:
  - Persian: و‎ (o, va)
  - Tajik: у (u), ва (va) (after a pause)

References

Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “utá”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 212
Klein, Jared S. (1992), “Some Indo-European Systems of Conjunction: Rigveda, Old Persian, Homer”, in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, volume 94, DOI:10.2307/311418, pages 1–51
de Vaan, Michiel; Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “Old Persian”, in Gzella, Holger, editor, Languages from the World of the Bible, Berlin; Boston: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 198

[1] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “utá”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 212

[2] Klein, Jared S. (1992), “Some Indo-European Systems of Conjunction: Rigveda, Old Persian, Homer”, in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, volume 94, DOI:10.2307/311418, pages 1–51

[3] Vaan, Michiel; Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “Old Persian”, in Gzella, Holger, editor, Languages from the World of the Bible, Berlin; Boston: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 198

单词	𐎢𐎫𐎠
释义	𐎢𐎫𐎠 Old Persian Etymology From Proto-Indo-Iranian (H)utá, from (H)u, from Proto-Indo-European h₂u. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬎𐬙𐬀‎ (uta), Parthian [script needed] ('wd), Sanskrit उत (utá). Mayrhofer and others suggested a further connection with Ancient Greek αὖτε* (aûte, “again”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European h₂u-te.[1] This connection has been disputed by later scholars due to the difference in usage, but a direct PIE ancestor is still possible; Celtiberian [Term?] (uta) serves an identical function, and on this basis Klein reconstructs Proto-Indo-European utá.[2] Conjunction 𐎢𐎫𐎠 (u-t-a)[3] and Descendants Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭥𐭣‎ (ʾwd /ud/), 𐭠𐭥‎ (ʾw /u/) 𐭥 Classical Persian: Persian: و‎ (o, va) Tajik: у (u), ва (va) (after a pause) See also -𐎨𐎠 (-c-a /-cā/) References Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “utá”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 212 Klein, Jared S. (1992), “Some Indo-European Systems of Conjunction: Rigveda, Old Persian, Homer”, in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, volume 94, DOI:10.2307/311418, pages 1–51 de Vaan, Michiel; Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “Old Persian”, in Gzella, Holger, editor, Languages from the World of the Bible, Berlin; Boston: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 198
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𐎢𐎫𐎠

Old Persian

Etymology

Conjunction

Descendants

See also

References