𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽

𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *fraetaną; cognate with German fressen and English fret. Synchronically analyzable as 𐍆𐍂𐌰- (fra-) +‎ 𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (itan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fraˈitan/

Verb

𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 • (fraitan)

1. to devour
   • Mark 4:4:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸, 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌴𐌹 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍉, 𐍃𐌿𐌼 𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐌹𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍃 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂 𐍅𐌹𐌲, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌵𐌴𐌼𐌿𐌽 𐍆𐌿𐌲𐌻𐍉𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍆𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌿𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰.

     jah warþ, miþþanei saisō, sum raihtis gadraus faur wig, jah qēmun fuglōs jah frētun þata.

     And it came to pass, as he sowed, some fell by the way side, and the fowls of the air came and devoured it up. (KJV)

   • Luke 8:5:

     𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌳𐌿 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰; 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌴𐌹 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍉, 𐍃𐌿𐌼 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍃 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂 𐍅𐌹𐌲 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐍂𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍆𐌿𐌲𐌻𐍉𐍃 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌿𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰.

     urrann saiands du saian fraiwa seinamma; jah miþþanei saisō, sum gadraus faur wig jah gatrudan warþ, jah fuglōs himinis frētun þata.

     A sower went out to sow his seed: and as he sowed, some fell by the way side; and it was trodden down, and the fowls of the air devoured it. (KJV)

   • Luke 15:30:

     𐌹𐌸 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐍃𐌰 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌿𐍃 𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃, 𐍃𐌰𐌴𐌹 𐍆𐍂𐌴𐍄 𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌺𐌾𐍉𐌼, 𐌵𐌰𐌼, 𐌿𐍆𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌿𐍂 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽.

     iþ þan sa sunus þeins, saei frēt þein swēs miþ kalkjōm, qam, ufsnaist imma stiur þana alidan.

     But as soon as this thy son was come, which hath devoured thy living with harlots, thou hast killed for him the fatted calf. (KJV)

   • 2 Corinthians 11:20:

     𐌿𐍃𐌸𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌸, 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐍈𐌰𐍃 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌸, 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐍈𐌰𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌸, 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐍈𐌰𐍃 𐌿𐍃𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌸, 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐍈𐌰𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌸, 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐍈𐌰𐍃 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌶𐌽 𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌷𐌹𐌸.

     usþulaiþ, jabai ƕas izwis gaþiwaiþ, jabai ƕas fraitiþ, jabai ƕas usnimiþ, jabai ƕas in arbaidai briggiþ, jabai ƕas izwis in andawleizn slahiþ.

     For ye suffer, if a man bring you into bondage, if a man devour you, if a man take of you, if a man exalt himself, if a man smite you on the face. (KJV)

Conjugation

The past singular is anomalous and has long 𐌴 (ē) rather than the expected short 𐌰 (a).

Class 5 strong, irregular
Infinitive	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 fraitan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰 fraita	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐍄 frēt	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌳𐌰 fraitada
2nd singular	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌹𐍃 fraitis	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐍃𐍄 frēst	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌶𐌰 fraitaza
3rd singular	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌸 fraitiþ	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐍄 frēt	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌳𐌰 fraitada
1st dual	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍉𐍃 fraitōs	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌿 frētu	—
2nd dual	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐍄𐍃 fraitats	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌿𐍄𐍃 frētuts	—
1st plural	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌼 fraitam	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌿𐌼 frētum	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 fraitanda
2nd plural	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌸 fraitiþ	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌿𐌸 frētuþ	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 fraitanda
3rd plural	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳 fraitand	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌿𐌽 frētun	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 fraitanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌿 fraitau	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌿 frētjau	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 fraitaidau
2nd singular	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍃 fraitais	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍃 frēteis	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 fraitaizau
3rd singular	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌹 fraitai	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌹 frēti	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 fraitaidau
1st dual	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 fraitaiwa	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 frēteiwa	—
2nd dual	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 fraitaits	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 frēteits	—
1st plural	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 fraitaima	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 frēteima	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 fraitaindau
2nd plural	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌸 fraitaiþ	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌸 frēteiþ	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 fraitaindau
3rd plural	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 fraitaina	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 frēteina	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 fraitaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄 frait
3rd singular	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 fraitadau
2nd dual	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐍄𐍃 fraitats
2nd plural	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌸 fraitiþ
3rd plural	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 fraitandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 fraitands	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃 fraitans

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 69