ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°π½
Gothic
Etymology
ππ°πΏππ°- (faura-) +β ππ°π·π½πΎπ°π½ (rahnjan), a calque of Ancient Greek ΟΟΞΏΞ·Ξ³ΞΞΏΞΌΞ±ΞΉ (proΔgΓ©omai).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fΙraΛrahnjan/
Verb
ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°π½ β’ (faurarahnjan)
- to outdo
- Romans 12:10:
- π±πππΈππ°π»πΏπ±ππ½ πΉπ½ πΉπΆπ πΉπ πΌπΉπππ πππΉπ°πΈπ π°πΌπΉπ»π³πΎπ°πΉ; ππ π΄ππΉπΈπ°πΉ πΉπΆπ πΉπ πΌπΉπππ ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°π½π³π°π½π
- brΕΓΎralubΕn in izwis missΕ friaΓΎwamildjai; swΔriΓΎai izwis missΕ faurarahnjandans
- Love one another with brotherly affection; outdo one another in showing honor. (RSV)
- Romans 12:10:
Conjugation
Class 1 weak | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°π½ faurarahnjan | |||
Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive | |
1st singular | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ° faurarahnja | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΉπ³π° faurarahnida | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°π³π° faurarahnjada | |
2nd singular | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½π΄πΉπ faurarahneis | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΉπ³π΄π faurarahnidΔs | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°πΆπ° faurarahnjaza | |
3rd singular | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½π΄πΉπΈ faurarahneiΓΎ | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΉπ³π° faurarahnida | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°π³π° faurarahnjada | |
1st dual | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎππ faurarahnjΕs | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΉπ³π΄π³πΏ faurarahnidΔdu | β | |
2nd dual | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°ππ faurarahnjats | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΉπ³π΄π³πΏππ faurarahnidΔduts | β | |
1st plural | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°πΌ faurarahnjam | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΉπ³π΄π³πΏπΌ faurarahnidΔdum | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°π½π³π° faurarahnjanda | |
2nd plural | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½π΄πΉπΈ faurarahneiΓΎ | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΉπ³π΄π³πΏπΈ faurarahnidΔduΓΎ | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°π½π³π° faurarahnjanda | |
3rd plural | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°π½π³ faurarahnjand | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΉπ³π΄π³πΏπ½ faurarahnidΔdun | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°π½π³π° faurarahnjanda | |
Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive | |
1st singular | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°πΏ faurarahnjau | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΉπ³π΄π³πΎπ°πΏ faurarahnidΔdjau | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°πΉπ³π°πΏ faurarahnjaidau | |
2nd singular | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°πΉπ faurarahnjais | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΉπ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ faurarahnidΔdeis | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°πΉπΆπ°πΏ faurarahnjaizau | |
3rd singular | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°πΉ faurarahnjai | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΉπ³π΄π³πΉ faurarahnidΔdi | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°πΉπ³π°πΏ faurarahnjaidau | |
1st dual | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°πΉπ
π° faurarahnjaiwa | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΉπ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ
π° faurarahnidΔdeiwa | β | |
2nd dual | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°πΉππ faurarahnjaits | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΉπ³π΄π³π΄πΉππ faurarahnidΔdeits | β | |
1st plural | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°πΉπΌπ° faurarahnjaima | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΉπ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΌπ° faurarahnidΔdeima | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°πΉπ½π³π°πΏ faurarahnjaindau | |
2nd plural | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°πΉπΈ faurarahnjaiΓΎ | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΉπ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΈ faurarahnidΔdeiΓΎ | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°πΉπ½π³π°πΏ faurarahnjaindau | |
3rd plural | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°πΉπ½π° faurarahnjaina | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΉπ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ½π° faurarahnidΔdeina | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°πΉπ½π³π°πΏ faurarahnjaindau | |
Imperative | ||||
2nd singular | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½π΄πΉ faurarahnei | |||
3rd singular | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°π³π°πΏ faurarahnjadau | |||
2nd dual | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°ππ faurarahnjats | |||
2nd plural | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½π΄πΉπΈ faurarahneiΓΎ | |||
3rd plural | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°π½π³π°πΏ faurarahnjandau | |||
Present | Past | |||
Participles | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΎπ°π½π³π faurarahnjands | ππ°πΏππ°ππ°π·π½πΉπΈπ faurarahniΓΎs |
Further reading
- Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winterβs UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 109