𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽
Gothic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *neþaną, from Proto-Indo-European *nét-e-, related to Proto-Tocharian *nete (“might, strength”). Perhaps related to *niþjaz (“relative”). Compare German Gnade, Dutch genade.
Verb
𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 • (niþan)
- to help, assist
Conjugation
Class 5 strong | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 niþan | |||
Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive | |
1st singular | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰 niþa | 𐌽𐌰𐌸 naþ | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌳𐌰 niþada | |
2nd singular | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌹𐍃 niþis | 𐌽𐌰𐍃𐍄 nast | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌶𐌰 niþaza | |
3rd singular | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌸 niþiþ | 𐌽𐌰𐌸 naþ | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌳𐌰 niþada | |
1st dual | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐍉𐍃 niþōs | 𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌿 nēþu | — | |
2nd dual | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐍄𐍃 niþats | 𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌿𐍄𐍃 nēþuts | — | |
1st plural | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌼 niþam | 𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌿𐌼 nēþum | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 niþanda | |
2nd plural | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌸 niþiþ | 𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌿𐌸 nēþuþ | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 niþanda | |
3rd plural | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳 niþand | 𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌿𐌽 nēþun | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 niþanda | |
Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive | |
1st singular | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌿 niþau | 𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌿 nēþjau | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 niþaidau | |
2nd singular | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍃 niþais | 𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 nēþeis | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 niþaizau | |
3rd singular | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹 niþai | 𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌹 nēþi | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 niþaidau | |
1st dual | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 niþaiwa | 𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 nēþeiwa | — | |
2nd dual | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 niþaits | 𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 nēþeits | — | |
1st plural | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 niþaima | 𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 nēþeima | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 niþaindau | |
2nd plural | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌸 niþaiþ | 𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌸 nēþeiþ | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 niþaindau | |
3rd plural | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 niþaina | 𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 nēþeina | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 niþaindau | |
Imperative | ||||
2nd singular | 𐌽𐌹𐌸 niþ | |||
3rd singular | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 niþadau | |||
2nd dual | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐍄𐍃 niþats | |||
2nd plural | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌸 niþiþ | |||
3rd plural | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 niþandau | |||
Present | Past | |||
Participles | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 niþands | 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍃 niþans |
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “neþan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 388