𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃
Gothic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *mēkijaz m. Cognate with Old English mēċe and Old Norse mækir. Koine Greek μάχαιρα (mákhaira), which it translates, is a false cognate.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmeːkiːs/
Noun
𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 • (mēkeis) ?
- (hapax) sword
- Synonym: 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (hairus)
- 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Epistle to the Ephesians (Codex Ambrosianus A+B) 6.17:[1]
- 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼 𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍃 𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌹 𐌰𐌷𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃, 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌹𐍃𐍄 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃;
- jah hilm naseinais nimaiþ jah mēki ahmins, þatei ist waurd gudis;
- And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God: (KJV).
- 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼 𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍃 𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌹 𐌰𐌷𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃, 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌹𐍃𐍄 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃;
Usage notes
- The sole attestation of this term translates μάχαιρα (mákhaira, “shortsword”). 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (hairus), in contrast, is attested in multiple places and translates μάχαιρα (mákhaira, “shortsword”) as well as ῥομφαία (rhomphaía, “long and broad sword”). It is therefore possible that the semantics of these two Gothic words differed in some ways, but this cannot be ascertained from the paucity of surviving attestations.
Declension
Only the accusative singular is attested, but the word is probably masculine based on other Germanic languages.
| Masculine ja-stem | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 mēkeis | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌾𐍉𐍃 mēkjōs |
| Vocative | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌹 mēki | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌾𐍉𐍃 mēkjōs |
| Accusative | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌹 mēki | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍃 mēkjans |
| Genitive | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 mēkeis | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌾𐌴 mēkjē |
| Dative | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌾𐌰 mēkja | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌼 mēkjam |
But it may also have been neuter:
| Neuter ja-stem | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌹 mēki | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌾𐌰 mēkja |
| Vocative | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌹 mēki | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌾𐌰 mēkja |
| Accusative | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌹 mēki | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌾𐌰 mēkja |
| Genitive | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌾𐌹𐍃 mēkjis | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌾𐌴 mēkjē |
| Dative | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌾𐌰 mēkja | 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌼 mēkjam |
See also
- 𐍆𐍉𐌳𐍂 (fōdr, “scabbard”)
References
- Ephesians chapter 6 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
Further reading
- Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), “M45. meki”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 250
- Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 93