𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌽

𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hōlōną

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhoːloːn/

Verb

𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌽 • (hōlōn)

1. to accuse falsely
   • Luke 3:14b:

     𐌽𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌷𐌿𐌽 𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌸, 𐌽𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌷𐌿𐌽 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐌰𐌽𐌽𐍉𐌼 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌼.

     ni mannanhun hōlōþ, ni mannanhun anamahtjaid jah waldaiþ annōm izwaraim.

     Do not accuse anyone falsely, do not do violence to anyone and be content with your wages.

Conjugation

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌽 hōlōn
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉 hōlō	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌰 hōlōda	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌰 hōlōda
2nd singular	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐍃 hōlōs	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌴𐍃 hōlōdēs	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌶𐌰 hōlōza
3rd singular	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌸 hōlōþ	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌰 hōlōda	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌰 hōlōda
1st dual	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐍃 hōlōs	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 hōlōdēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐍄𐍃 hōlōts	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 hōlōdēduts	—
1st plural	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌼 hōlōm	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 hōlōdēdum	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰 hōlōnda
2nd plural	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌸 hōlōþ	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 hōlōdēduþ	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰 hōlōnda
3rd plural	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌽𐌳 hōlōnd	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 hōlōdēdun	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰 hōlōnda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉 hōlō	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 hōlōdēdjau	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌿 hōlōdau
2nd singular	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐍃 hōlōs	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 hōlōdēdeis	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌶𐌰𐌿 hōlōzau
3rd singular	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉 hōlō	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 hōlōdēdi	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌿 hōlōdau
1st dual	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐍅𐌰 hōlōwa	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 hōlōdēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐍄𐍃 hōlōts	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 hōlōdēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌼𐌰 hōlōma	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 hōlōdēdeima	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 hōlōndau
2nd plural	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌸 hōlōþ	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 hōlōdēdeiþ	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 hōlōndau
3rd plural	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌽𐌰 hōlōna	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 hōlōdēdeina	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 hōlōndau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉 hōlō
3rd singular	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌿 hōlōdau
2nd dual	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐍄𐍃 hōlōts
2nd plural	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌸 hōlōþ
3rd plural	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 hōlōndau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 hōlōnds	𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌸𐍃 hōlōþs

Derived terms

• 𐌰𐍆𐌷𐍉𐌻𐍉𐌽 (afhōlōn)

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 59