𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽

𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌳𐌿- (du-) +‎ 𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wakan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /duˈwakan/

Verb

𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 • (duwakan)

1. (intransitive) to watch, keep alert
   • Ephesians 6:18:

     𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐍉𐍃 𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐍂𐍉𐌽𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌱𐌹𐌳𐍉𐍃 𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐍂𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰 𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌷𐌼𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌳𐌿 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉 𐌿𐍃𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌱𐌹𐌳𐍉𐌼 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌼,

     þairh allōs aihtrōnins jah bidōs aihtrōndans in alla mēla in ahmin jah du þamma duwakandans sinteinō usdaudein jah bidōm fram allaim þaim weiham,

     Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit, and watching thereunto with all perseverance and supplication for all saints; (KJV)

   Synonym: 𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wakan) (found in a variant reading of the passage from Ephesians)

Conjugation

Class 6 strong
Infinitive	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 duwakan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰 duwaka	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉𐌺 duwok	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌰 duwakada
2nd singular	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌹𐍃 duwakis	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉𐌺𐍄 duwokt	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌶𐌰 duwakaza
3rd singular	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌹𐌸 duwakiþ	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉𐌺 duwok	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌰 duwakada
1st dual	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐍉𐍃 duwakōs	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌿 duwoku	—
2nd dual	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍃 duwakats	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌿𐍄𐍃 duwokuts	—
1st plural	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌼 duwakam	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌿𐌼 duwokum	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 duwakanda
2nd plural	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌹𐌸 duwakiþ	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌿𐌸 duwokuþ	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 duwakanda
3rd plural	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳 duwakand	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌿𐌽 duwokun	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 duwakanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿 duwakau	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌿 duwokjau	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 duwakaidau
2nd singular	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃 duwakais	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 duwokeis	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 duwakaizau
3rd singular	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹 duwakai	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌹 duwoki	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 duwakaidau
1st dual	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 duwakaiwa	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 duwokeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 duwakaits	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 duwokeits	—
1st plural	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 duwakaima	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 duwokeima	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 duwakaindau
2nd plural	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌸 duwakaiþ	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌸 duwokeiþ	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 duwakaindau
3rd plural	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 duwakaina	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 duwokeina	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 duwakaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺 duwak
3rd singular	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 duwakadau
2nd dual	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍃 duwakats
2nd plural	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌹𐌸 duwakiþ
3rd plural	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 duwakandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 duwakands	𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐍃 duwakans

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 168