๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐ฝ
Gothic
Etymology
๐ฒ๐ฐ- (ga-) +โ Proto-Germanic *sturknanฤ
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ษกaหstษrknan/
Verb
๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐ฝ โข (gastaurknan)
- to become rigid
- Mark 9:18
- ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐ธ๐น๐๐๐ฐ๐๐ฟ๐ท ๐ธ๐ด๐น ๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐ฐ๐ท๐น๐ธ, ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐ ๐ฐ๐น๐๐๐น๐ธ ๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ, ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐๐ฐ๐ธ๐พ๐น๐ธ ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐บ๐๐น๐ฟ๐๐๐น๐ธ ๐๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ธ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ ๐๐ด๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐น๐ธ; ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐ต๐ฐ๐ธ ๐๐น๐๐๐ฝ๐พ๐ฐ๐ผ ๐ธ๐ด๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ๐น๐ผ ๐ด๐น ๐ฟ๐๐ณ๐๐ด๐น๐ฑ๐ด๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ ๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ, ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐ฝ๐น ๐ผ๐ฐ๐ท๐๐ด๐ณ๐ฟ๐ฝ.
- jah รพisฦaruh รพei ina gafahiรพ, gawairpiรพ ina, jah ฦaรพjiรพ jah kriustiรพ tunรพuns seinans jah gastaurkniรพ; jah qaรพ sipลnjam รพeinaim ei usdreibeina ina, jah ni mahtฤdun.
- and wherever it seizes him, it dashes him down; and he foams and grinds his teeth and becomes rigid; and I asked your disciples to cast it out, and they were not able. (RSV)
- Mark 9:18
Conjugation
| Class 4 weak | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐ฝ gastaurknan | |||
| Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive | |
| 1st singular | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฐ gastaurkna | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐๐ณ๐ฐ gastaurknลda | โ | |
| 2nd singular | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐น๐ gastaurknis | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ gastaurknลdฤs | โ | |
| 3rd singular | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐น๐ธ gastaurkniรพ | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐๐ณ๐ฐ gastaurknลda | โ | |
| 1st dual | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐๐ gastaurknลs | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ฟ gastaurknลdฤdu | โ | |
| 2nd dual | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐๐ gastaurknats | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ฟ๐๐ gastaurknลdฤduts | โ | |
| 1st plural | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐ผ gastaurknam | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ฟ๐ผ gastaurknลdฤdum | โ | |
| 2nd plural | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐น๐ธ gastaurkniรพ | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ฟ๐ธ gastaurknลdฤduรพ | โ | |
| 3rd plural | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ณ gastaurknand | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ฟ๐ฝ gastaurknลdฤdun | โ | |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive | |
| 1st singular | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐ฟ gastaurknau | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐พ๐ฐ๐ฟ gastaurknลdฤdjau | โ | |
| 2nd singular | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐น๐ gastaurknais | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ด๐น๐ gastaurknลdฤdeis | โ | |
| 3rd singular | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐น gastaurknai | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐น gastaurknลdฤdi | โ | |
| 1st dual | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐น๐
๐ฐ gastaurknaiwa | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ด๐น๐
๐ฐ gastaurknลdฤdeiwa | โ | |
| 2nd dual | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ gastaurknaits | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ด๐น๐๐ gastaurknลdฤdeits | โ | |
| 1st plural | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐น๐ผ๐ฐ gastaurknaima | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ด๐น๐ผ๐ฐ gastaurknลdฤdeima | โ | |
| 2nd plural | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐น๐ธ gastaurknaiรพ | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ด๐น๐ธ gastaurknลdฤdeiรพ | โ | |
| 3rd plural | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ gastaurknaina | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ด๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ gastaurknลdฤdeina | โ | |
| Imperative | ||||
| 2nd singular | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ gastaurkn | |||
| 3rd singular | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฟ gastaurknadau | |||
| 2nd dual | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐๐ gastaurknats | |||
| 2nd plural | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐น๐ธ gastaurkniรพ | |||
| 3rd plural | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฟ gastaurknandau | |||
| Present | Past | |||
| Participles | ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ gastaurknands | โ | ||
Further reading
- Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wรถrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winterโs Universitรคtsbuchhandlung, p. 130