𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽
Gothic
Etymology
𐌲𐌰- (ga-) + Proto-Germanic *þarbāną
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡaˈθarbaːn/, [ɡaˈθarvaːn]
Verb
𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 • (gaþarbān)
- to abstain from (+ genitive)
- 1 Timothy 4:3:
- 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌲𐍉𐍃, 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌴, 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌶𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌿𐌸 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐍉𐍀 𐌳𐌿 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌼 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍆𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰.
- warjandanē liugōs, gaþarban matē, þanzei guþ gaskōp du andniman miþ awiliudam galaubjandam jah ufkunnandam sunja.
- Forbidding to marry, and commanding to abstain from meats, which God hath created to be received with thanksgiving of them which believe and know the truth. (KJV)
- 1 Timothy 4:3:
- (reflexive) to be temperate
- 1 Corinthians 9:25:
- 𐌹𐌸 𐍈𐌰𐌶𐌿𐌷 𐍃𐌰𐌴𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌸, 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌹𐍃 𐍃𐌹𐌺 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱⟨𐌰⟩𐌹𐌸; 𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌴𐌹𐍃, 𐌴𐌹 𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍀 𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰, 𐌹𐌸 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌿𐌽𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌰.
- iþ ƕazuh saei haifstjan sniwiþ, allis sik gaþarb⟨a⟩iþ; aþþan eis, ei riurjana waip nimaina, iþ weis unriurjana.
- And every man that striveth for the mastery is temperate in all things. Now they do it to obtain a corruptible crown; but we an incorruptible. (KJV)
- 1 Corinthians 9:25:
Conjugation
Class 3 weak | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 gaþarbān | |||
Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive | |
1st singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰 gaþarba | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰 gaþarbaida | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌰 gaþarbāda | |
2nd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍃 gaþarbais | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 gaþarbaidēs | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌶𐌰 gaþarbāza | |
3rd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸 gaþarbaiþ | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰 gaþarbaida | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌰 gaþarbāda | |
1st dual | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐍉𐍃 gaþarbōs | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 gaþarbaidēdu | — | |
2nd dual | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍃 gaþarbāts | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 gaþarbaidēduts | — | |
1st plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌼 gaþarbām | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 gaþarbaidēdum | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gaþarbānda | |
2nd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸 gaþarbaiþ | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 gaþarbaidēduþ | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gaþarbānda | |
3rd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳 gaþarbānd | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 gaþarbaidēdun | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gaþarbānda | |
Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive | |
1st singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌿 gaþarbau | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 gaþarbaidēdjau | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaþarbaidau | |
2nd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍃 gaþarbais | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 gaþarbaidēdeis | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 gaþarbaizau | |
3rd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹 gaþarbai | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 gaþarbaidēdi | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaþarbaidau | |
1st dual | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 gaþarbaiwa | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 gaþarbaidēdeiwa | — | |
2nd dual | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 gaþarbaits | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 gaþarbaidēdeits | — | |
1st plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 gaþarbaima | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 gaþarbaidēdeima | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaþarbaindau | |
2nd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸 gaþarbaiþ | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 gaþarbaidēdeiþ | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaþarbaindau | |
3rd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 gaþarbaina | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 gaþarbaidēdeina | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaþarbaindau | |
Imperative | ||||
2nd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹 gaþarbai | |||
3rd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaþarbādau | |||
2nd dual | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍃 gaþarbāts | |||
2nd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸 gaþarbaiþ | |||
3rd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaþarbāndau | |||
Present | Past | |||
Participles | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 gaþarbānds | 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 gaþarbaiþs |
Related terms
- 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐍃 (gaþaurbs)
- 𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐍃 (þarbs)
Further reading
- Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 145