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单词 πŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπ„
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πŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπ„

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bΔ«stΔ…. Related to πŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πŒ°πŒ½ (beitan, β€œto bite”) (compare Old High German billa (β€œunleavened bread”) and Old English andbita (β€œyeast”)).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbiːst/

Noun

πŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπ„ β€’ (beist) n

  1. leaven (agent used to make dough rise)
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Mark (Codex Argenteus) 8.15:[2]
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌸 𐌹𐌼 πŒ΅πŒΉπŒΈπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ: πƒπŒ°πŒΉπˆπŒΉπŒΈ 𐌴𐌹 πŒ°π„πƒπŒ°πŒΉπˆπŒΉπŒΈ πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ πŒΈπŒΉπƒ πŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπ„πŒΉπƒ π†πŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ΄ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπ„πŒΉπƒ πŒ·πŒ΄π‚π‰πŒ³πŒΉπƒ.
      jah anabauΓΎ im qiΓΎands: saiΖ•iΓΎ ei atsaiΖ•iΓΎ izwis ΓΎis beistis fareisaiΔ“ jah beistis hΔ“rōdis.
      And he charged them, saying, Take heed, beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, and of the leaven of Herod. (KJV).
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Epistle to the Galatians (Codex Ambrosianus B) 5.9:[3]
      πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ» πŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉβŸ¨πƒβŸ©π„πŒΉπƒ 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌳𐌰𐌲 πŒ³πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΈ.
      leitil bei⟨s⟩tis allana dag distairiþ.
      A little leaven leaveneth the whole lump. (KJV).

Declension

Neuter a-stem
SingularPlural
NominativeπŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπ„
beist		β€”
VocativeπŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπ„
beist		β€”
AccusativeπŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπ„
beist		β€”
GenitiveπŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπ„πŒΉπƒ
beistis		β€”
DativeπŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ°
beista		β€”

Derived terms

  • πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ (gabeistjan, β€œto leaven”)
  • πŒΏπŒ½πŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ΄πŒΉ (unbeistei, β€œunleavened bread”)
  • πŒΏπŒ½πŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπ„πŒΎπ‰πŒΈπƒ (unbeistjōþs, β€œunleavened”)
  • πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπ„π‚πƒ (baitrs, β€œbitter”)
  • πŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πŒ°πŒ½ (beitan, β€œto bite”)

See also

  • πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ²πƒ (daigs, β€œsoft, kneadable material”)
  • πŒ³πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ°πŒ½ (distairan, β€œto burst, to leaven”)
  • πŒ·πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπ†πƒ (hlaifs, β€œbread”)

References

  1. Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), β€œB40. beist”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 66
  2. Mark chapter 8 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
  3. Galatians chapter 5 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.

Further reading

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 18
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