𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽
Gothic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *arjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti. Cognate to Old English erian, Old Norse erja, and to the first element of Koine Greek ἀροτριάω (arotriáō), which it translates.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈar.jan/
Verb
𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (arjan)
- (hapax) to plough (to use a plough)
- 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Luke (Codex Argenteus) 17.7:[1]
- 𐍈𐌰𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌺 𐌰𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌿 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽, 𐍃𐌰𐌴𐌹 𐌰𐍄𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐍆 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹: 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸 𐌰𐌽𐌿𐌷𐌺𐌿𐌼𐌱𐌴𐌹?
- ƕas þan izwara skalk aigands arjandan aiþþau haldandan, saei atgaggandin af haiþjai qiþai: suns hindarleiþ anuhkumbei?
- But which of you, having a servant plowing or feeding cattle, will say unto him by and by, when he is come from the field, Go and sit down to meat? (KJV).
- 𐍈𐌰𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌺 𐌰𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌿 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽, 𐍃𐌰𐌴𐌹 𐌰𐍄𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐍆 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹: 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸 𐌰𐌽𐌿𐌷𐌺𐌿𐌼𐌱𐌴𐌹?
Conjugation
Only attested in the accusative singular of the present participle: 𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (arjandan), which is not enough to determine the conjugation. In Old High German, it is a class 7 strong verb, but in all other Germanic languages, it is class 1 weak, while the root's phonological shape could also suggest class 6 strong.
See also
- 𐌷𐍉𐌷𐌰 (hōha, “plough”)
References
- Luke chapter 17 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
Further reading
- Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), “A195. *arjan”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 42
- Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 12