힘쓰다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 힘ᄡᅳ다 (Yale: himpsuta). From 힘 (him, “strength, power”) + 쓰다 (sseuda, “to use or expend”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key)[çims͈ɯda̠]
- Phonetic Hangul[힘쓰다]
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Verb
힘쓰다 • (himsseuda) (infinitive 힘써, sequential 힘쓰니)
- to exert oneself
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 힘쓰다 (himsseuda)
| Stems | |
|---|---|
| Stem 1 | 힘쓰 (himsseu) |
| Stem 2 | 힘써 (himsseo) |
| Stem 3 | 힘쓰 (himsseu) |
| Conjugation type | Vowel-stem, regular |
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 힘쓴다 himsseunda | 힘써 himsseo | 힘써요 himsseoyo | 힘씁니다 himsseumnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 힘썼다 himsseotda | 힘썼어 himsseosseo | 힘썼어요 himsseosseoyo | 힘썼습니다 himsseotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 힘쓰느냐 himsseuneunya | 힘써 himsseo | 힘써요 himsseoyo | 힘씁니까 himsseumnikka |
| Past | 힘썼느냐 himsseonneunya | 힘썼어 himsseosseo | 힘썼어요 himsseosseoyo | 힘썼습니까 himsseotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 힘쓰자 himsseuja | 힘써 himsseo | 힘써요 himsseoyo | 힘씁시다 himsseupsida | |
| Imperative | 힘써라 himsseora | 힘써 himsseo | 힘써요 himsseoyo | 힘씁시오 himsseupsio | |
| Assertive | 힘쓰겠다 himsseugetda | 힘쓰겠어 himsseugesseo | 힘쓰겠어요 himsseugesseoyo | 힘쓰겠습니다 himsseugetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 힘써 himsseo | 힘써서 himsseoseo | 힘쓰니 himsseuni | 힘쓰니까 himsseunikka | |
| Contrast | 힘쓰지만 himsseujiman | 힘쓰는데 himsseuneunde | 힘쓰더니 himsseudeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 힘쓰고 himsseugo | ||||
| Condition | 힘쓰면 himsseumyeon | 힘써야 himsseoya | |||
| Motive | 힘쓰려고 himsseuryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 힘씀 himsseum | 힘쓰기 himsseugi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 힘썼음 himsseosseum | 힘썼기 himsseotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 힘쓴 himsseun | |||
| Present | 힘쓰는 himsseuneun | ||||
| Future | 힘쓸 himsseul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 힘쓰신다 himsseusinda | 힘쓰셔 himsseusyeo | 힘쓰세요, 힘쓰셔요 himsseuseyo, himsseusyeoyo | 힘쓰십니다 himsseusimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 힘쓰셨다 himsseusyeotda | 힘쓰셨어 himsseusyeosseo | 힘쓰셨어요 himsseusyeosseoyo | 힘쓰셨습니다 himsseusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 힘쓰시느냐 himsseusineunya | 힘쓰셔 himsseusyeo | 힘쓰세요, 힘쓰셔요 himsseuseyo, himsseusyeoyo | 힘쓰십니까 himsseusimnikka |
| Past | 힘쓰셨느냐 himsseusyeonneunya | 힘쓰셨어 himsseusyeosseo | 힘쓰셨어요 himsseusyeosseoyo | 힘쓰셨습니까 himsseusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 힘쓰시라 himsseusira | 힘쓰셔 himsseusyeo | 힘쓰세요 himsseuseyo | 힘쓰십시오 himsseusipsio | |
| Assertive | 힘쓰시겠다 himsseusigetda | 힘쓰시겠어 himsseusigesseo | 힘쓰시겠어요 himsseusigesseoyo | 힘쓰시겠습니다 himsseusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 힘쓰셔 himsseusyeo | 힘쓰셔서 himsseusyeoseo | 힘쓰시니 himsseusini | 힘쓰시니까 himsseusinikka | |
| Contrast | 힘쓰시지만 himsseusijiman | 힘쓰시는데 himsseusineunde | 힘쓰시더니 himsseusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 힘쓰시고 himsseusigo | ||||
| Condition | 힘쓰시면 himsseusimyeon | 힘쓰셔야 himsseusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 힘쓰시려고 himsseusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 힘쓰심 himsseusim | 힘쓰시기 himsseusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 힘쓰셨음 himsseusyeosseum | 힘쓰셨기 himsseusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 힘쓰신 himsseusin | |||
| Present | 힘쓰시는 himsseusineun | ||||
| Future | 힘쓰실 himsseusil | ||||