흐르다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 흐르다〮 (Yale: hùlù-tá).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [xɯɾɯda̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [흐르다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | heureuda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | heuleuda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | hŭrŭda |
| Yale Romanization? | huluta |
Verb
| Base | 흐르다 (heureuda) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 흘리다 (heullida) |
흐르다 • (heureuda) (infinitive 흘러, sequential 흐르니)
- (intransitive, transitive) to flow
- (intransitive, of time) to flow; to pass by
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 흐르다 (heureuda): vowel-stem, 르(reu)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 흐른다 heureunda | 흘러 heulleo | 흘러요 heulleoyo | 흐릅니다 heureumnida |
| Past | 흘렀다 heulleotda | 흘렀어 heulleosseo | 흘렀어요 heulleosseoyo | 흘렀습니다 heulleotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 흐르느냐 heureuneunya | 흘러 heulleo | 흘러요 heulleoyo | 흐릅니까 heureumnikka |
| Past | 흘렀느냐 heulleonneunya | 흘렀어 heulleosseo | 흘렀어요 heulleosseoyo | 흘렀습니까 heulleotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 흐르자 heureuja | 흘러 heulleo | 흘러요 heulleoyo | 흐릅시다 heureupsida | |
| Imperative | 흘러라 heulleora | 흘러 heulleo | 흘러요 heulleoyo | 흐릅시오 heureupsio | |
| Assertive | 흐르겠다 heureugetda | 흐르겠어 heureugesseo | 흐르겠어요 heureugesseoyo | 흐르겠습니다 heureugetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 흘러 heulleo | 흘러서 heulleoseo | 흐르니 heureuni | 흐르니까 heureunikka | |
| Contrast | 흐르지만 heureujiman | 흐르는데 heureuneunde | 흐르더니 heureudeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 흐르고 heureugo | ||||
| Condition | 흐르면 heureumyeon | 흘러야 heulleoya | |||
| Motive | 흐르려고 heureuryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 흐름 heureum | 흐르기 heureugi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 흘렀음 heulleosseum | 흘렀기 heulleotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 흐른 heureun | |||
| Present | 흐르는 heureuneun | ||||
| Future | 흐를 heureul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 흐르신다 heureusinda | 흐르셔 heureusyeo | 흐르세요, 흐르셔요 heureuseyo, heureusyeoyo | 흐르십니다 heureusimnida |
| Past | 흐르셨다 heureusyeotda | 흐르셨어 heureusyeosseo | 흐르셨어요 heureusyeosseoyo | 흐르셨습니다 heureusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 흐르시느냐 heureusineunya | 흐르셔 heureusyeo | 흐르세요, 흐르셔요 heureuseyo, heureusyeoyo | 흐르십니까 heureusimnikka |
| Past | 흐르셨느냐 heureusyeonneunya | 흐르셨어 heureusyeosseo | 흐르셨어요 heureusyeosseoyo | 흐르셨습니까 heureusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 흐르시라 heureusira | 흐르셔 heureusyeo | 흐르세요 heureuseyo | 흐르십시오 heureusipsio | |
| Assertive | 흐르시겠다 heureusigetda | 흐르시겠어 heureusigesseo | 흐르시겠어요 heureusigesseoyo | 흐르시겠습니다 heureusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 흐르셔 heureusyeo | 흐르셔서 heureusyeoseo | 흐르시니 heureusini | 흐르시니까 heureusinikka | |
| Contrast | 흐르시지만 heureusijiman | 흐르시는데 heureusineunde | 흐르시더니 heureusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 흐르시고 heureusigo | ||||
| Condition | 흐르시면 heureusimyeon | 흐르셔야 heureusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 흐르시려고 heureusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 흐르심 heureusim | 흐르시기 heureusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 흐르셨음 heureusyeosseum | 흐르셨기 heureusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 흐르신 heureusin | |||
| Present | 흐르시는 heureusineun | ||||
| Future | 흐르실 heureusil | ||||