휘두르다
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Korean 휫두르다〮 (Yale: hwùys-twùlù-tá, “to surround; to swing”), equivalent to modern 휘 (hwi-) + 두르다 (dureuda).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [hɥiduɾɯda̠] ~ [hyduɾɯda̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [휘두르다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | hwidureuda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | hwiduleuda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | hwidurŭda |
| Yale Romanization? | hwitwuluta |
Verb
| Base | 휘두르다 (hwidureuda) |
|---|---|
| Passive | 휘둘리다 (hwidullida) |
휘두르다 • (hwidureuda) (infinitive 휘둘러, sequential 휘두르니) (transitive)
- to brandish, to wield (a melee weapon (e.g. a sword)); to swing, to flail (one's arm, fist, etc.)
- 단검을 휘두르다
- dan'geomeul hwidureuda
- to wield a dagger
- 양팔을 휘두르다
- yangpareul hwidureuda
- to swing both arms
- 주먹을 휘두르다
- jumeogeul hwidureuda
- to throw a punch
- Synonym: 내두르다 (naedureuda)
- (of power, authority, violence, etc.) to exert, to wield (in a negative way); to abuse
- 권력을 휘두르다
- gwollyeogeul hwidureuda
- to wield power
- 폭력을 휘두르다
- pongnyeogeul hwidureuda
- to use violence
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 휘두르다 (hwidureuda): vowel-stem, 르(reu)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 휘두른다 hwidureunda | 휘둘러 hwidulleo | 휘둘러요 hwidulleoyo | 휘두릅니다 hwidureumnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 휘둘렀다 hwidulleotda | 휘둘렀어 hwidulleosseo | 휘둘렀어요 hwidulleosseoyo | 휘둘렀습니다 hwidulleotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 휘두르느냐 hwidureuneunya | 휘둘러 hwidulleo | 휘둘러요 hwidulleoyo | 휘두릅니까 hwidureumnikka |
| Past | 휘둘렀느냐 hwidulleonneunya | 휘둘렀어 hwidulleosseo | 휘둘렀어요 hwidulleosseoyo | 휘둘렀습니까 hwidulleotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 휘두르자 hwidureuja | 휘둘러 hwidulleo | 휘둘러요 hwidulleoyo | 휘두릅시다 hwidureupsida | |
| Imperative | 휘둘러라 hwidulleora | 휘둘러 hwidulleo | 휘둘러요 hwidulleoyo | 휘두릅시오 hwidureupsio | |
| Assertive | 휘두르겠다 hwidureugetda | 휘두르겠어 hwidureugesseo | 휘두르겠어요 hwidureugesseoyo | 휘두르겠습니다 hwidureugetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 휘둘러 hwidulleo | 휘둘러서 hwidulleoseo | 휘두르니 hwidureuni | 휘두르니까 hwidureunikka | |
| Contrast | 휘두르지만 hwidureujiman | 휘두르는데 hwidureuneunde | 휘두르더니 hwidureudeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 휘두르고 hwidureugo | ||||
| Condition | 휘두르면 hwidureumyeon | 휘둘러야 hwidulleoya | |||
| Motive | 휘두르려고 hwidureuryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 휘두름 hwidureum | 휘두르기 hwidureugi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 휘둘렀음 hwidulleosseum | 휘둘렀기 hwidulleotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 휘두른 hwidureun | |||
| Present | 휘두르는 hwidureuneun | ||||
| Future | 휘두를 hwidureul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 휘두르신다 hwidureusinda | 휘두르셔 hwidureusyeo | 휘두르세요, 휘두르셔요 hwidureuseyo, hwidureusyeoyo | 휘두르십니다 hwidureusimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 휘두르셨다 hwidureusyeotda | 휘두르셨어 hwidureusyeosseo | 휘두르셨어요 hwidureusyeosseoyo | 휘두르셨습니다 hwidureusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 휘두르시느냐 hwidureusineunya | 휘두르셔 hwidureusyeo | 휘두르세요, 휘두르셔요 hwidureuseyo, hwidureusyeoyo | 휘두르십니까 hwidureusimnikka |
| Past | 휘두르셨느냐 hwidureusyeonneunya | 휘두르셨어 hwidureusyeosseo | 휘두르셨어요 hwidureusyeosseoyo | 휘두르셨습니까 hwidureusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 휘두르시라 hwidureusira | 휘두르셔 hwidureusyeo | 휘두르세요 hwidureuseyo | 휘두르십시오 hwidureusipsio | |
| Assertive | 휘두르시겠다 hwidureusigetda | 휘두르시겠어 hwidureusigesseo | 휘두르시겠어요 hwidureusigesseoyo | 휘두르시겠습니다 hwidureusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 휘두르셔 hwidureusyeo | 휘두르셔서 hwidureusyeoseo | 휘두르시니 hwidureusini | 휘두르시니까 hwidureusinikka | |
| Contrast | 휘두르시지만 hwidureusijiman | 휘두르시는데 hwidureusineunde | 휘두르시더니 hwidureusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 휘두르시고 hwidureusigo | ||||
| Condition | 휘두르시면 hwidureusimyeon | 휘두르셔야 hwidureusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 휘두르시려고 hwidureusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 휘두르심 hwidureusim | 휘두르시기 hwidureusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 휘두르셨음 hwidureusyeosseum | 휘두르셨기 hwidureusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 휘두르신 hwidureusin | |||
| Present | 휘두르시는 hwidureusineun | ||||
| Future | 휘두르실 hwidureusil | ||||
Derived terms
- 내휘두르다 (naehwidureuda)