헛되다
Korean
Etymology
From 헛— (heot–, “useless, ineffective”) + 되— (doe-) + —다 (da).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key)[hʌ̹t̚t͈we̞da̠] ~ [hʌ̹t̚t͈ø̞da̠]
- Phonetic Hangul[헏뛔다/헏뙤다]
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Adjective
헛되다 • (heotdoeda) (infinitive 헛돼 or 헛되어, sequential 헛되니)
- vain, fruitless
- (usually in the 헛된 form) groundless, untrue
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 헛되다 (heotdoeda)
| Stems | |
|---|---|
| Stem 1 | 헛되 (heotdoe) |
| Stem 2 | 헛돼 (heotdwae) |
| Stem 2a | 헛되어 (heotdoeeo) |
| Stem 3 | 헛되 (heotdoe) |
| Conjugation type | Vowel-stem, regular |
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 헛되다 heotdoeda | 헛돼 heotdwae | 헛돼요, 헛되어요 heotdwaeyo, heotdoeeoyo | 헛됩니다 heotdoemnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 헛됐다 heotdwaetda | 헛됐어 heotdwaesseo | 헛됐어요 heotdwaesseoyo | 헛됐습니다 heotdwaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 헛되냐 heotdoenya | 헛돼 heotdwae | 헛돼요, 헛되어요 heotdwaeyo, heotdoeeoyo | 헛됩니까 heotdoemnikka |
| Past | 헛됐냐 heotdwaennya | 헛됐어 heotdwaesseo | 헛됐어요 heotdwaesseoyo | 헛됐습니까 heotdwaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 헛되겠다 heotdoegetda | 헛되겠어 heotdoegesseo | 헛되겠어요 heotdoegesseoyo | 헛되겠습니다 heotdoegetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 헛돼 heotdwae | 헛돼서, 헛되어서 heotdwaeseo, heotdoeeoseo | 헛되니 heotdoeni | 헛되니까 heotdoenikka | |
| Contrast | 헛되지만 heotdoejiman | 헛된데 heotdoende | 헛되더니 heotdoedeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 헛되고 heotdoego | ||||
| Condition | 헛되면 heotdoemyeon | 헛돼야, 헛되어야 heotdwaeya, heotdoeeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 헛됨 heotdoem | 헛되기 heotdoegi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 헛됐음, 헛되었음 heotdwaesseum, heotdoeeosseum | 헛됐기, 헛되었기 heotdwaetgi, heotdoeeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 헛된 heotdoen | |||
| Future | 헛될 heotdoel | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 헛되시다 heotdoesida | 헛되셔 heotdoesyeo | 헛되세요, 헛되셔요 heotdoeseyo, heotdoesyeoyo | 헛되십니다 heotdoesimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 헛되셨다 heotdoesyeotda | 헛되셨어 heotdoesyeosseo | 헛되셨어요 heotdoesyeosseoyo | 헛되셨습니다 heotdoesyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 헛되시냐 heotdoesinya | 헛되셔 heotdoesyeo | 헛되세요, 헛되셔요 heotdoeseyo, heotdoesyeoyo | 헛되십니까 heotdoesimnikka |
| Past | 헛되셨냐 heotdoesyeonnya | 헛되셨어 heotdoesyeosseo | 헛되셨어요 heotdoesyeosseoyo | 헛되셨습니까 heotdoesyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 헛되시겠다 heotdoesigetda | 헛되시겠어 heotdoesigesseo | 헛되시겠어요 heotdoesigesseoyo | 헛되시겠습니다 heotdoesigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 헛되셔 heotdoesyeo | 헛되셔서 heotdoesyeoseo | 헛되시니 heotdoesini | 헛되시니까 heotdoesinikka | |
| Contrast | 헛되시지만 heotdoesijiman | 헛되신데 heotdoesinde | 헛되시더니 heotdoesideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 헛되시고 heotdoesigo | ||||
| Condition | 헛되시면 heotdoesimyeon | 헛되셔야 heotdoesyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 헛되심 heotdoesim | 헛되시기 heotdoesigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 헛되셨음 heotdoesyeosseum | 헛되셨기 heotdoesyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 헛되신 heotdoesin | |||
| Future | 헛되실 heotdoesil | ||||
Derived terms
- (adverb) 헛되이 (heotdoei, “in vain”)
- 헛된말 (heotdoenmal, “idle words”)