하늘

하늘

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Jilin Leishi (雞林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Early Middle Korean 漢㮈 (reconstructed *hanól).[1] In the Korean alphabet: First attested in the Yongbi eocheonga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 하ᄂᆞᆶ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key)[ha̠nɯɭ]
• Phonetic Hangul[하늘]

Revised Romanization? haneul Revised Romanization (translit.)? haneul McCune–Reischauer? hanŭl Yale Romanization? hanul

Noun

하늘 • (haneul)

1. sky
2. (chiefly Confucianism) heaven

   하늘이 무섭지 않는가?

   Haneuri museopji anneun-ga?

   Do you not fear heaven?

3. (Christianity) heavenly god
4. (obsolete) palate
   • Synonym: 입천장 (ipcheonjang)

Synonyms

• 천 (天, cheon, “sky, heaven”)
• 천공 (天空, cheon-gong, “sky”)
• 천궁 (天穹, cheon-gung, “(literally) sky dome”)
• 공 (空, gong, “(mainly) void”)
• 궁 (穹, gung, “dome”)

Antonyms

• 땅 (ttang, “earth”)

Derived terms

• 하늘나라 (haneullara, “Heaven, paradise”)
• 하늘빛 (haneulbit, “sky blue”)
• 하느님 (haneunim, “(secular) heavenly god”)

See also

• 하나 (hana, “one”)
• 하나님 (hananim, “(Christian) heavenly god”)
• 한울님 (hanullim, “(Cheondogyo) heavenly god”)
• 구무 (gumu, “(obsolete) hole, cavity”)

References

1. Ho-min Sonh (2015), “Middle Korean and Pre-Modern Korean”, in Lucien Brown, Jaehoon Yeon, editors, The Handbook of Korean Linguistics‎, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 441