하느님
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the 太平詞 / 태평사, 1598, as Early Modern Korean 하ᄂᆞ님 (Yale: hanonim), in a Confucian context. Equivalent to 하늘 (haneul, “heaven”) + 님 (nim, “lord”).
Rare in traditional Korean folk religion, where heaven-worship is not a major religious belief. The Catholic usage is perhaps a calque of Chinese 天主 (“Lord of Heaven; God”).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ha̠nɯnim]
- Phonetic hangul: [하느님]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | Haneunim |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | Haneunim |
McCune–Reischauer? | Hanŭnim |
Yale Romanization? | hanunim |
Proper noun
하느님 • (Haneunim)
- God, heaven
- 1598, 박인로/朴仁老, 태평사/太平詞 [Poem for Great Peace]:
- 天運循環을 아옵게다 하ᄂᆞ님아
- cheonunsunhwaneul aopgeda haneunima
- O Heaven, I have understood the circulation of destiny
- 1896, Yun Chi-ho (lyrics), “애국가(愛國歌) (Aegukga) [National Anthem of the republic of Korea]”:
- 하느님이 보우하사 우리나라 만세
- haneunim-i bouhasa urinara manse
- May God preserve our country for ten thousand years
-
- (Catholicism, Orthodoxy) God, creator
- Korean Catholic Bible, Changsegi (創世記 / 창세기) (Genesis) 1:1
- 한처음에 하느님께서 하늘과 땅을 창조하셨다.
- Hancheo'eum-e Haneunim-kkeseo haneul-gwa ttang-eul changjohasyeotda.
- In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
- Korean Catholic Bible, Changsegi (創世記 / 창세기) (Genesis) 1:1
Related terms
- 천주 (天主, Cheonju, “the Lord of Heaven, God”)
- 하나님 (Hananim, “God, creator”)