팔
| ||||||||||
| 파팍팎팏판팑팒 팓팔팕팖팗팘팙 팚팛팜팝팞팟팠 팡팢팣팤팥팦팧 | |
| 티 ← | → 패 |
|---|---|
Korean
Etymology 1
First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean ᄇᆞᆶ (Yale: pòlh). Compare dialectal forms 파리 (pari), 포리 (pori), 폴 (pol), 폴께 (polkke), and Jeju ᄑᆞᆯ (pawl).[1]
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pʰa̠ɭ]
(file)
- Phonetic hangul: [팔]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | pal |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | pal |
| McCune–Reischauer? | p'al |
| Yale Romanization? | phal |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 팔의 / 팔에 / 팔까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word takes low pitch only before consonant-initial multisyllabic suffixes.
Noun
팔 • (pal)
- arm
- 2007, Han Kang, 채식주의자 [The Vegetarian], 22nd edition, Paju, Republic of Korea: Changbi, published 2016, →ISBN, page 27:
- 검은 트렌치코트 차림으로 우두망찰 서 있는 아내의 팔을 끌고 안방으로 들어갔다.
- Geomeun teurenchikoteu charim-euro udumangchal seo inneun anae-ui par-eul kkeulgo anbang-euro deureogatda.
- I grabbed the arm of my wife, who was standing dumbfounded wearing a black trench coat, and dragged her into our room.
-
Derived terms
- 팔걸이 (palgeori)
- 팔꿈치 (palkkumchi)
- 팔다리 (paldari)
- 팔뚝 (palttuk)
- 팔목 (palmok)
- 팔베개 (palbegae)
- 팔심 (palsim, “power of the arm”)
- 팔씨름 (palssireum)
- 팔짱 (paljjang, “arm in arm”)
Etymology 2
| 80 | ||
| ← 7 | 8 | 9 → |
|---|---|---|
| Native isol.: 여덟 (yeodeol) Native attr.: 여덟 (yeodeol) Sino-Korean: 팔 (pal) Hanja: 八 Ordinal: 여덟째 (yeodeoljjae) | ||
Sino-Korean word from 八 (“eight”), from the Middle Korean reading 팔〮 (Yale: phál), from Middle Chinese 八 (MC pˠat̚).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pʰa̠ɭ]
(file)
- Phonetic hangul: [팔]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | pal |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | pal |
| McCune–Reischauer? | p'al |
| Yale Romanization? | phal |
Numeral
팔 • (pal) (hanja 八)
- (Sino-Korean numeral) eight
- Synonym: 여덟 (yeodeol, native numeral)
Usage notes
In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.
The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.
Native classifiers take native numerals.
- 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
- 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)
Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.
- 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
- 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
- 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)
Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.
- 일 킬로미터 (il killomiteo, “one kilometer”, Sino-Korean numeral)
For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.
- 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
- 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)
When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.
- 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
- 일 더하기 일은? (Il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)
While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.
Derived terms
- See the hanja entry at 八 for Sino-Korean compounds of 팔 (八, pal).
References
- Rei, Fukui (2017-03-28) 小倉進平『朝鮮語方言の研究』所載資料による言語地図とその解釈―第１集, 東京大学人文社会系研究科 韓国朝鮮文化研究室, page 29-32