통하다
Korean
Etymology
Sino-Korean word from 通 (“passing through”)
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
- IPA(key)[tʰo̞ŋɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic Hangul[통하다]
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Verb
통하다 • (tonghada) (infinitive 통해 or 통하여, sequential 통하니)
- to pass through, from one end to the other
- to communicate
- to use as a medium (often in the form 통하여)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 통하다 (tonghada)
| Stems | |
|---|---|
| Stem 1 | 통하 (tongha) |
| Stem 2 | 통해 (tonghae) |
| Stem 2a | 통하여 (tonghayeo) |
| Stem 3 | 통하 (tongha) |
| Conjugation type | Vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular |
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 통한다 tonghanda | 통해 tonghae | 통해요 tonghaeyo | 통합니다 tonghamnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 통했다 tonghaetda | 통했어 tonghaesseo | 통했어요 tonghaesseoyo | 통했습니다 tonghaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 통하느냐 tonghaneunya | 통해 tonghae | 통해요 tonghaeyo | 통합니까 tonghamnikka |
| Past | 통했느냐 tonghaenneunya | 통했어 tonghaesseo | 통했어요 tonghaesseoyo | 통했습니까 tonghaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 통하자 tonghaja | 통해 tonghae | 통해요 tonghaeyo | 통합시다 tonghapsida | |
| Imperative | 통해라, 통하여라 tonghaera, tonghayeora | 통해 tonghae | 통해요 tonghaeyo | 통합시오 tonghapsio | |
| Assertive | 통하겠다 tonghagetda | 통하겠어 tonghagesseo | 통하겠어요 tonghagesseoyo | 통하겠습니다 tonghagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 통해 tonghae | 통해서, 통하여서 tonghaeseo, tonghayeoseo | 통하니 tonghani | 통하니까 tonghanikka | |
| Contrast | 통하지만 tonghajiman | 통하는데 tonghaneunde | 통하더니 tonghadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 통하고 tonghago | ||||
| Condition | 통하면 tonghamyeon | 통해야, 통하여야 tonghaeya, tonghayeoya | |||
| Motive | 통하려고 tongharyeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 통함 tongham | 통하기 tonghagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 통했음, 통하였음 tonghaesseum, tonghayeosseum | 통했기, 통하였기 tonghaetgi, tonghayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 통한 tonghan | |||
| Present | 통하는 tonghaneun | ||||
| Future | 통할 tonghal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 통하신다 tonghasinda | 통하셔 tonghasyeo | 통하세요, 통하셔요 tonghaseyo, tonghasyeoyo | 통하십니다 tonghasimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 통하셨다 tonghasyeotda | 통하셨어 tonghasyeosseo | 통하셨어요 tonghasyeosseoyo | 통하셨습니다 tonghasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 통하시느냐 tonghasineunya | 통하셔 tonghasyeo | 통하세요, 통하셔요 tonghaseyo, tonghasyeoyo | 통하십니까 tonghasimnikka |
| Past | 통하셨느냐 tonghasyeonneunya | 통하셨어 tonghasyeosseo | 통하셨어요 tonghasyeosseoyo | 통하셨습니까 tonghasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 통하시라 tonghasira | 통하셔 tonghasyeo | 통하세요 tonghaseyo | 통하십시오 tonghasipsio | |
| Assertive | 통하시겠다 tonghasigetda | 통하시겠어 tonghasigesseo | 통하시겠어요 tonghasigesseoyo | 통하시겠습니다 tonghasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 통하셔 tonghasyeo | 통하셔서 tonghasyeoseo | 통하시니 tonghasini | 통하시니까 tonghasinikka | |
| Contrast | 통하시지만 tonghasijiman | 통하시는데 tonghasineunde | 통하시더니 tonghasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 통하시고 tonghasigo | ||||
| Condition | 통하시면 tonghasimyeon | 통하셔야 tonghasyeoya | |||
| Motive | 통하시려고 tonghasiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 통하심 tonghasim | 통하시기 tonghasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 통하셨음 tonghasyeosseum | 통하셨기 tonghasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 통하신 tonghasin | |||
| Present | 통하시는 tonghasineun | ||||
| Future | 통하실 tonghasil | ||||