카다
Korean
Alternative forms
- 커다 (keoda) – more common in the Ulsan area
- 쿠다 (kuda) – more common in Jinju and other parts of western South Gyeongsang
Etymology
A lexicalized contraction of 고 (-go, “that”, connective or indirect quotative suffix) + 하다 (hada, “to say; to do”). Sometimes alternatively connected to Standard Seoul Korean 그렇게 하다 (geureoke hada, “to do thus, to speak thus”).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [카다]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | kada |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | kada |
McCune–Reischauer? | k'ada |
Yale Romanization? | khata |
Verb
카다 • (kada) (infinitive 캐 or 카여, sequential 카니)
- (Gyeongsang) to say that; follows an explicit or implicit quotation
- 가가 머라 카노? ― ga-ga meo-ra kano? ― What is he saying?
- 가삐라고 니가 캤나? ― ga-ppira-go ni-ga kaenna? ― Was it you who told me to go away?
- 2012, 이승현, 안녕, 마징가: 담쟁이 문고, 실천문학사, →ISBN:
- 여서 그런 말이 와 나오는데예? — 와 나오기는? 니가 안 캤나?
- Yeo-seo geureon mar-i wa naoneunde-ye? - wa naogi-neun? Ni-ga an kaenna?
- Why are you bringing that up right now? — Why am I bringing it up it? Wasn't it you who said it first?
- 2017, 하어영, “"대구가 투표율이 제일 낮을 거라 카대"”, in The Hankyoreh:
- 대구가 투표율이 제일 낮을 거라 카대.
- Daegu-ga tupyoyur-i jeil najeul geo-ra kadae.
- They say that Daegu is going to have the lowest voter turnout.
- 2018, 이상원, “'홍준표 쫓가내야'…‘인물’ 강조하는 포항시민들”, in Newsmin:
- 손주가 지진 났을 때 '할매 안 무섭더나' 카더라. 내가 '할매는 안 무섭다' 그랬다. '할매는 지진보다 더 무서운 동란도 봤다'고 캤다.
- sonju-ga jijin nasseul ttae halmae an museopdeona kadeora. Nae-ga halmae-neun an museopda geuraetda. halmae-neun jijin-boda deo museoun dongnan-do bwatda go kaetda.
- When there was the earthquake, my grandchild said, "Grandmother, weren't you scared?" I told them, "Grandmother isn't scared." I said, "I've seen a war which was even scarier than an earthquake."
- (Gyeongsang) to intend to, to try to
- 공부할라 카는 아를 와 건디리노?
- gongbuhalla kaneun a-reul wa geondirino?
- Why are you bothering a kid who's trying to study?
- 1997, 김원일, 불의 제전 7, 문학과 지성사, →ISBN:
- 그 알라까지 어째 키울라고 안 내놓을라 카는지.
- geu alla-kkaji eojjae kiulla-go an naeno'eulla kaneunji.
- They're trying not to let him go, but how are they going to raise yet another child?
- 2015, “김용판 무죄판결 특집 노변정담”, in FactTV:
- 내란을 할라 칸 사람인데, 당연히 중죄고.
- naeran-eul halla kan saram-inde, dang'yeonhi jungjoe-go.
- He's a guy who was trying to cause a civil war, of course that's a serious crime.
- (Gyeongsang) be about to
- 인자 디기 칩을라 칸다. ― inja digi chibeulla kanda. ― Now it's about to get really cold.
- 1985, 조부돌, 한국구비문학대계 7집 14책: 경북 달성군 편 [Compendium of Korean Oral Literature, Volume 7, Issue 14: Dalseong County, North Gyeongsang Province], Academy of Korean Studies, page 603:
- 아직에 지무시고 세수를 할라칸께네 동원에서 풍악 소리가 디리 나거던.
- ajig-e jimusigo sesu-reul hallakankkene dong'won-eseo pung'ak sori-ga diri nageodeon.
- Once he had slept in the morning, he was about to to wash his face, but then there was the sound of music coming very loudly from the eastern garden.
- 2012, 박이정, 봄, 눈 — 엄마라는 이름의 선물, 도서출판 가연, →ISBN:
- 지금은 배 터질라 카니까 좀 봐도라.
- jigeum-eun bae teojilla kanikka jom bwa-dora.
- Right now [I'm so full that] my stomach is about to burst, so please excuse me.
- (Gyeongsang) to make someone do
Usage notes
The use of this verb is one of the most fundamental and best-known isoglosses of the Gyeongsang dialect.
Synonyms
- (all definitions) 하다 (hada, Standard Seoul)
Derived terms
- 카더라 (kadeora, “rumor”)
References
- 김영태 (1989), “경북 방언 '카다'용언에 대하여 [On the khata root of the North Gyeongsang dialect]”, in Daegu eomun nonchong, volume 7, pages 1—16
- 정인호 (2019), “경상방언의 인용동사 {카다}의 형성에 대하여 [On the formation of the quotative verb khata in the Gyeongsang dialect]”, in Urimalgeul, volume 82, pages 149—168