칠
| ||||||||||
| 치칙칚칛친칝칞 칟칠칡칢칣칤칥 칦칧침칩칪칫칬 칭칮칯칰칱칲칳 | |
| 츼 ← | → 카 |
|---|---|
Korean
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰiɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [칠]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | chil |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | chil |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ch'il |
| Yale Romanization? | chil |
Etymology 1
| 70 | ||
| [a], [b] ← 6 | 7 | 8 → |
|---|---|---|
| Native isol.: 일곱 (ilgop) Native attr.: 일곱 (ilgop) Sino-Korean: 칠 (chil) Hanja: 七 Ordinal: 일곱째 (ilgopjjae) | ||
Sino-Korean word from 七 (“seven”), from the Middle Korean reading 칠〮 (Yale: chíl), from Middle Chinese 七 (MC t͡sʰiɪt̚).
Numeral
칠 • (chil) (hanja 七)
- (Sino-Korean numeral) seven
- Synonym: 일곱 (ilgop, “seven”, native numeral)
Usage notes
In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.
The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.
Native classifiers take native numerals.
- 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
- 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)
Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.
- 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
- 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
- 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)
Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.
- 일 킬로미터 (il killomiteo, “one kilometer”, Sino-Korean numeral)
For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.
- 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
- 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)
When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.
- 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
- 일 더하기 일은? (Il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)
While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.
Derived terms
- See the hanja entry at 七 for Sino-Korean compounds of 칠 (七, chil).
Etymology 2
Sino-Korean word from 漆 (“lacquer”)
Noun
칠 • (chil) (hanja 漆)
- lacquer
Synonyms
- 옻칠 (otchil)