초래하다
Korean
Etymology
초래(招來) (chorae) + 하다 (hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰo̞ɾɛɦa̠da̠] ~ [t͡ɕʰo̞ɾe̞ɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [초래하다/초레하다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | choraehada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | cholaehada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ch'oraehada |
| Yale Romanization? | cholayhata |
Verb
초래하다 • (choraehada) (infinitive 초래해 or 초래하여, sequential 초래하니, hanja 招來하다)
- (transitive, typically of something negative) to bring about, to give rise to
- 지장-을 초래하다 ― jijang'eul choraehada ― to give rise to problems
- 자멸-을 초래하다 ― jamyeoreul choraehada ― to bring about their own downfall
- 기후 변화-를 초래하는 산업 ― gihu byeonhwareul choraehaneun saneop ― industries contributing to climate change
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 초래하다 (choraehada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 초래한다 choraehanda | 초래해 choraehae | 초래해요 choraehaeyo | 초래합니다 choraehamnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 초래했다 choraehaetda | 초래했어 choraehaesseo | 초래했어요 choraehaesseoyo | 초래했습니다 choraehaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 초래하느냐 choraehaneunya | 초래해 choraehae | 초래해요 choraehaeyo | 초래합니까 choraehamnikka |
| Past | 초래했느냐 choraehaenneunya | 초래했어 choraehaesseo | 초래했어요 choraehaesseoyo | 초래했습니까 choraehaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 초래하자 choraehaja | 초래해 choraehae | 초래해요 choraehaeyo | 초래합시다 choraehapsida | |
| Imperative | 초래해라, 초래하여라 choraehaera, choraehayeora | 초래해 choraehae | 초래해요 choraehaeyo | 초래합시오 choraehapsio | |
| Assertive | 초래하겠다 choraehagetda | 초래하겠어 choraehagesseo | 초래하겠어요 choraehagesseoyo | 초래하겠습니다 choraehagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 초래해 choraehae | 초래해서, 초래하여서 choraehaeseo, choraehayeoseo | 초래하니 choraehani | 초래하니까 choraehanikka | |
| Contrast | 초래하지만 choraehajiman | 초래하는데 choraehaneunde | 초래하더니 choraehadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 초래하고 choraehago | ||||
| Condition | 초래하면 choraehamyeon | 초래해야, 초래하여야 choraehaeya, choraehayeoya | |||
| Motive | 초래하려고 choraeharyeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 초래함 choraeham | 초래하기 choraehagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 초래했음, 초래하였음 choraehaesseum, choraehayeosseum | 초래했기, 초래하였기 choraehaetgi, choraehayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 초래한 choraehan | |||
| Present | 초래하는 choraehaneun | ||||
| Future | 초래할 choraehal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 초래하신다 choraehasinda | 초래하셔 choraehasyeo | 초래하세요, 초래하셔요 choraehaseyo, choraehasyeoyo | 초래하십니다 choraehasimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 초래하셨다 choraehasyeotda | 초래하셨어 choraehasyeosseo | 초래하셨어요 choraehasyeosseoyo | 초래하셨습니다 choraehasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 초래하시느냐 choraehasineunya | 초래하셔 choraehasyeo | 초래하세요, 초래하셔요 choraehaseyo, choraehasyeoyo | 초래하십니까 choraehasimnikka |
| Past | 초래하셨느냐 choraehasyeonneunya | 초래하셨어 choraehasyeosseo | 초래하셨어요 choraehasyeosseoyo | 초래하셨습니까 choraehasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 초래하시라 choraehasira | 초래하셔 choraehasyeo | 초래하세요 choraehaseyo | 초래하십시오 choraehasipsio | |
| Assertive | 초래하시겠다 choraehasigetda | 초래하시겠어 choraehasigesseo | 초래하시겠어요 choraehasigesseoyo | 초래하시겠습니다 choraehasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 초래하셔 choraehasyeo | 초래하셔서 choraehasyeoseo | 초래하시니 choraehasini | 초래하시니까 choraehasinikka | |
| Contrast | 초래하시지만 choraehasijiman | 초래하시는데 choraehasineunde | 초래하시더니 choraehasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 초래하시고 choraehasigo | ||||
| Condition | 초래하시면 choraehasimyeon | 초래하셔야 choraehasyeoya | |||
| Motive | 초래하시려고 choraehasiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 초래하심 choraehasim | 초래하시기 choraehasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 초래하셨음 choraehasyeosseum | 초래하셨기 choraehasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 초래하신 choraehasin | |||
| Present | 초래하시는 choraehasineun | ||||
| Future | 초래하실 choraehasil | ||||