차갑다
Korean
Etymology
Of native Korean origin. From 차다 (chada, “to be cold”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key)[t͡ɕʰa̠ɡa̠p̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic Hangul[차갑따]
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Adjective
차갑다 • (chagapda) (irregular, infinitive 차가워, sequential 차가우니)
- (of an object) to be cold (to the touch), icy, cold-hearted
Usage notes
- 차갑다 (chagapda) describes things that are cold, such as foods and drinks, or anything that is cold to the touch.
- 춥다 (chupda) describes something that makes you feel cold, like a winter day or a freezer.
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 차갑다 (chagapda)
| Stems | |
|---|---|
| Stem 1 | 차갑 (chagap) |
| Stem 2 | 차가워 (chagawo) |
| Stem 3 | 차가우 (chagau) |
| Conjugation type | Consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular |
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 차갑다 chagapda | 차가워 chagawo | 차가워요 chagawoyo | 차갑습니다 chagapseumnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 차가웠다 chagawotda | 차가웠어 chagawosseo | 차가웠어요 chagawosseoyo | 차가웠습니다 chagawotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 차가우냐 chagaunya | 차가워 chagawo | 차가워요 chagawoyo | 차갑습니까 chagapseumnikka |
| Past | 차가웠냐 chagawonnya | 차가웠어 chagawosseo | 차가웠어요 chagawosseoyo | 차가웠습니까 chagawotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 차갑겠다 chagapgetda | 차갑겠어 chagapgesseo | 차갑겠어요 chagapgesseoyo | 차갑겠습니다 chagapgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 차가워 chagawo | 차가워서 chagawoseo | 차가우니 chagauni | 차가우니까 chagaunikka | |
| Contrast | 차갑지만 chagapjiman | 차가운데 chagaunde | 차갑더니 chagapdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 차갑고 chagapgo | ||||
| Condition | 차가우면 chagaumyeon | 차가워야 chagawoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 차가움 chagaum | 차갑기 chagapgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 차가웠음 chagawosseum | 차가웠기 chagawotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 차가운 chagaun | |||
| Future | 차가울 chagaul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 차가우시다 chagausida | 차가우셔 chagausyeo | 차가우세요, 차가우셔요 chagauseyo, chagausyeoyo | 차가우십니다 chagausimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 차가우셨다 chagausyeotda | 차가우셨어 chagausyeosseo | 차가우셨어요 chagausyeosseoyo | 차가우셨습니다 chagausyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 차가우시냐 chagausinya | 차가우셔 chagausyeo | 차가우세요, 차가우셔요 chagauseyo, chagausyeoyo | 차가우십니까 chagausimnikka |
| Past | 차가우셨냐 chagausyeonnya | 차가우셨어 chagausyeosseo | 차가우셨어요 chagausyeosseoyo | 차가우셨습니까 chagausyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 차가우시겠다 chagausigetda | 차가우시겠어 chagausigesseo | 차가우시겠어요 chagausigesseoyo | 차가우시겠습니다 chagausigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 차가우셔 chagausyeo | 차가우셔서 chagausyeoseo | 차가우시니 chagausini | 차가우시니까 chagausinikka | |
| Contrast | 차가우시지만 chagausijiman | 차가우신데 chagausinde | 차가우시더니 chagausideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 차가우시고 chagausigo | ||||
| Condition | 차가우시면 chagausimyeon | 차가우셔야 chagausyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 차가우심 chagausim | 차가우시기 chagausigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 차가우셨음 chagausyeosseum | 차가우셨기 chagausyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 차가우신 chagausin | |||
| Future | 차가우실 chagausil | ||||
Antonyms
- 뜨겁다 (tteugeopda, “to be hot”)
See also
- 춥다 (chupda, “to cause to be cold”)