짓이기다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the 증수무원록 / 增修無寃錄, 1792, as Early Modern Korean 즛니기다 (Yale: cus-nikita), from 즛 (jeut, “violently”) + 니기다 (nigida, “to grind”).
The modern reflexes of 즛 and 니기다 are 짓 (jit) and 이기다 (igida) respectively, leading to the modern orthography. However, speakers have actually perceived the verb as a single unit and not a compound, and thus retained the original pronunciation with /n/. This explains the disconnect between the orthography and pronunciation (otherwise very unusual in Modern Korean orthography for verbs, but 설익다 (seollikda, “to be undercooked”) has the same process).
Pronunciation
- IPA(Seoul dialect, key): [t͡ɕinniɡida̠]
- Phonetic hangeul: [진니기다]
|
Verb
짓이기다 • (jinnigida) (infinitive 짓이겨 or 짓이기어, sequential 짓이기니)
- to crush, to trample
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 짓이기다 (jinnigida)
| Stems | |
|---|---|
| Stem 1 | 짓이기 (jinnigi) |
| Stem 2 | 짓이겨 (jinnigyeo) |
| Stem 2a | 짓이기어 (jinnigieo) |
| Stem 3 | 짓이기 (jinnigi) |
| Conjugation type | Vowel-stem, regular |
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 짓이긴다 jinniginda | 짓이겨 jinnigyeo | 짓이겨요, 짓이기어요 jinnigyeoyo, jinnigieoyo | 짓이깁니다 jinnigimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 짓이겼다 jinnigyeotda | 짓이겼어 jinnigyeosseo | 짓이겼어요 jinnigyeosseoyo | 짓이겼습니다 jinnigyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 짓이기느냐 jinnigineunya | 짓이겨 jinnigyeo | 짓이겨요, 짓이기어요 jinnigyeoyo, jinnigieoyo | 짓이깁니까 jinnigimnikka |
| Past | 짓이겼느냐 jinnigyeonneunya | 짓이겼어 jinnigyeosseo | 짓이겼어요 jinnigyeosseoyo | 짓이겼습니까 jinnigyeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 짓이기자 jinnigija | 짓이겨 jinnigyeo | 짓이겨요, 짓이기어요 jinnigyeoyo, jinnigieoyo | 짓이깁시다 jinnigipsida | |
| Imperative | 짓이겨라, 짓이기어라 jinnigyeora, jinnigieora | 짓이겨 jinnigyeo | 짓이겨요, 짓이기어요 jinnigyeoyo, jinnigieoyo | 짓이깁시오 jinnigipsio | |
| Assertive | 짓이기겠다 jinnigigetda | 짓이기겠어 jinnigigesseo | 짓이기겠어요 jinnigigesseoyo | 짓이기겠습니다 jinnigigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 짓이겨 jinnigyeo | 짓이겨서, 짓이기어서 jinnigyeoseo, jinnigieoseo | 짓이기니 jinnigini | 짓이기니까 jinniginikka | |
| Contrast | 짓이기지만 jinnigijiman | 짓이기는데 jinnigineunde | 짓이기더니 jinnigideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 짓이기고 jinnigigo | ||||
| Condition | 짓이기면 jinnigimyeon | 짓이겨야, 짓이기어야 jinnigyeoya, jinnigieoya | |||
| Motive | 짓이기려고 jinnigiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 짓이김 jinnigim | 짓이기기 jinnigigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 짓이겼음, 짓이기었음 jinnigyeosseum, jinnigieosseum | 짓이겼기, 짓이기었기 jinnigyeotgi, jinnigieotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 짓이긴 jinnigin | |||
| Present | 짓이기는 jinnigineun | ||||
| Future | 짓이길 jinnigil | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 짓이기신다 jinnigisinda | 짓이기셔 jinnigisyeo | 짓이기세요, 짓이기셔요 jinnigiseyo, jinnigisyeoyo | 짓이기십니다 jinnigisimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 짓이기셨다 jinnigisyeotda | 짓이기셨어 jinnigisyeosseo | 짓이기셨어요 jinnigisyeosseoyo | 짓이기셨습니다 jinnigisyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 짓이기시느냐 jinnigisineunya | 짓이기셔 jinnigisyeo | 짓이기세요, 짓이기셔요 jinnigiseyo, jinnigisyeoyo | 짓이기십니까 jinnigisimnikka |
| Past | 짓이기셨느냐 jinnigisyeonneunya | 짓이기셨어 jinnigisyeosseo | 짓이기셨어요 jinnigisyeosseoyo | 짓이기셨습니까 jinnigisyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 짓이기시라 jinnigisira | 짓이기셔 jinnigisyeo | 짓이기세요 jinnigiseyo | 짓이기십시오 jinnigisipsio | |
| Assertive | 짓이기시겠다 jinnigisigetda | 짓이기시겠어 jinnigisigesseo | 짓이기시겠어요 jinnigisigesseoyo | 짓이기시겠습니다 jinnigisigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 짓이기셔 jinnigisyeo | 짓이기셔서 jinnigisyeoseo | 짓이기시니 jinnigisini | 짓이기시니까 jinnigisinikka | |
| Contrast | 짓이기시지만 jinnigisijiman | 짓이기시는데 jinnigisineunde | 짓이기시더니 jinnigisideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 짓이기시고 jinnigisigo | ||||
| Condition | 짓이기시면 jinnigisimyeon | 짓이기셔야 jinnigisyeoya | |||
| Motive | 짓이기시려고 jinnigisiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 짓이기심 jinnigisim | 짓이기시기 jinnigisigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 짓이기셨음 jinnigisyeosseum | 짓이기셨기 jinnigisyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 짓이기신 jinnigisin | |||
| Present | 짓이기시는 jinnigisineun | ||||
| Future | 짓이기실 jinnigisil | ||||