쥐다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 쥐〯다〮 (Yale: cwǔy-tá).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈt͡ɕɥi(ː)da̠] ~ [ˈt͡ɕy(ː)da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [쥐(ː)다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | jwida |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | jwida |
| McCune–Reischauer? | chwida |
| Yale Romanization? | cwīta |
Verb
| Base | 쥐다 (jwida) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 쥐이다 (jwiida) |
| Passive | 쥐이다 (jwiida) |
쥐다 • (jwida) (infinitive 쥐어, sequential 쥐니) (transitive)
- to clench
- to grasp, to grab, to hold, to squeeze
- 손으로 쥐고 놓지 않다 ― son-euro jwigo nochi anta ― to hold something in one's hand and not let it go
- 그래서 그는 격자 무늬 어깨걸이를 벗고, 몸을 구부려 양 꼬리를 쥐고 당겼다.
- geuraeseo geu-neun gyeokja munui eokkaegeori-reul beotgo, mom-eul guburyeo yang kkori-reul jwigo danggyeotda.
- So he took off his plaid, and bent down and took hold of the sheep's tail, and he pulled!
- 1895, Joseph Jacobs (ed.), 《More Celtic Fairy Tales》 〈The Tail〉(The original sentence in English)
- to grab, to take hold of, to control, to have power to do as one wishes
- to have (evidence, etc.)
- to make, to have, to earn or have (money, wealth, etc.)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 쥐다 (jwida): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 쥔다 jwinda | 쥐어 jwieo | 쥐어요 jwieoyo | 쥡니다 jwimnida |
| Past | 쥐었다 jwieotda | 쥐었어 jwieosseo | 쥐었어요 jwieosseoyo | 쥐었습니다 jwieotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 쥐느냐 jwineunya | 쥐어 jwieo | 쥐어요 jwieoyo | 쥡니까 jwimnikka |
| Past | 쥐었느냐 jwieonneunya | 쥐었어 jwieosseo | 쥐었어요 jwieosseoyo | 쥐었습니까 jwieotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 쥐자 jwija | 쥐어 jwieo | 쥐어요 jwieoyo | 쥡시다 jwipsida | |
| Imperative | 쥐어라 jwieora | 쥐어 jwieo | 쥐어요 jwieoyo | 쥡시오 jwipsio | |
| Assertive | 쥐겠다 jwigetda | 쥐겠어 jwigesseo | 쥐겠어요 jwigesseoyo | 쥐겠습니다 jwigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 쥐어 jwieo | 쥐어서 jwieoseo | 쥐니 jwini | 쥐니까 jwinikka | |
| Contrast | 쥐지만 jwijiman | 쥐는데 jwineunde | 쥐더니 jwideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 쥐고 jwigo | ||||
| Condition | 쥐면 jwimyeon | 쥐어야 jwieoya | |||
| Motive | 쥐려고 jwiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 쥠 jwim | 쥐기 jwigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 쥐었음 jwieosseum | 쥐었기 jwieotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 쥔 jwin | |||
| Present | 쥐는 jwineun | ||||
| Future | 쥘 jwil | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 쥐신다 jwisinda | 쥐셔 jwisyeo | 쥐세요, 쥐셔요 jwiseyo, jwisyeoyo | 쥐십니다 jwisimnida |
| Past | 쥐셨다 jwisyeotda | 쥐셨어 jwisyeosseo | 쥐셨어요 jwisyeosseoyo | 쥐셨습니다 jwisyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 쥐시느냐 jwisineunya | 쥐셔 jwisyeo | 쥐세요, 쥐셔요 jwiseyo, jwisyeoyo | 쥐십니까 jwisimnikka |
| Past | 쥐셨느냐 jwisyeonneunya | 쥐셨어 jwisyeosseo | 쥐셨어요 jwisyeosseoyo | 쥐셨습니까 jwisyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 쥐시라 jwisira | 쥐셔 jwisyeo | 쥐세요 jwiseyo | 쥐십시오 jwisipsio | |
| Assertive | 쥐시겠다 jwisigetda | 쥐시겠어 jwisigesseo | 쥐시겠어요 jwisigesseoyo | 쥐시겠습니다 jwisigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 쥐셔 jwisyeo | 쥐셔서 jwisyeoseo | 쥐시니 jwisini | 쥐시니까 jwisinikka | |
| Contrast | 쥐시지만 jwisijiman | 쥐시는데 jwisineunde | 쥐시더니 jwisideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 쥐시고 jwisigo | ||||
| Condition | 쥐시면 jwisimyeon | 쥐셔야 jwisyeoya | |||
| Motive | 쥐시려고 jwisiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 쥐심 jwisim | 쥐시기 jwisigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 쥐셨음 jwisyeosseum | 쥐셨기 jwisyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 쥐신 jwisin | |||
| Present | 쥐시는 jwisineun | ||||
| Future | 쥐실 jwisil | ||||
Derived terms
- 갈마쥐다 (galmajwida)
- 거머쥐다 (geomeojwida)
- 걷어쥐다 (geodeojwida)
- 그러쥐다 (geureojwida)
- 긁어쥐다 (geulgeojwida)
- 덮싸쥐다 (deopssajwida)
- 맞쥐다 (matjwida)
- 바르쥐다 (bareujwida)
- 부르쥐다 (bureujwida)
- 사려쥐다 (saryeojwida)
- 싸쥐다 (ssajwida)
- 얼싸쥐다 (eolssajwida)
- 엎어쥐다 (eopeojwida)
- 옥쥐다 (okjwida)
- 옴켜쥐다 (omkyeojwida)
- 욱쥐다 (ukjwida)
- 움켜쥐다 (umkyeojwida)
- 잡쥐다 (japjwida)
- 잦쥐다 (jatjwida)
- 쥐락펴락 (jwirakpyeorak)
- 쥐어짜다 (jwieojjada)
- 틀어쥐다 (teureojwida)
- 홈켜쥐다 (homkyeojwida)
- 후려쥐다 (huryeojwida)
- 훔켜쥐다 (humkyeojwida)