줄어들다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Sinjeung yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576, as Middle Korean 주러들다 (cwuletulta). From 줄어 (jureo, “jureo”), infinitive form of 줄다 (julda, “reduce”), and 들다 (deulda, “to advance”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key)[t͡ɕuɾʌ̹dɯɭda̠]
- Phonetic Hangul[주러들다]
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Verb
줄어들다 • (jureodeulda) (infinitive 줄어들어, sequential 줄어드니)
- To diminish or decrease.
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 줄어들다 (jureodeulda)
| Stems | |
|---|---|
| Stem 1 | 줄어들 (jureodeul) |
| Stem 2 | 줄어들어 (jureodeureo) |
| Stem 3 | 줄어드 (jureodeu) |
| Conjugation type | Consonant-stem, ㄹ(l)-irregular |
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 줄어든다 jureodeunda | 줄어들어 jureodeureo | 줄어들어요 jureodeureoyo | 줄어듭니다 jureodeumnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 줄어들었다 jureodeureotda | 줄어들었어 jureodeureosseo | 줄어들었어요 jureodeureosseoyo | 줄어들었습니다 jureodeureotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 줄어드느냐 jureodeuneunya | 줄어들어 jureodeureo | 줄어들어요 jureodeureoyo | 줄어듭니까 jureodeumnikka |
| Past | 줄어들었느냐 jureodeureonneunya | 줄어들었어 jureodeureosseo | 줄어들었어요 jureodeureosseoyo | 줄어들었습니까 jureodeureotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 줄어들자 jureodeulja | 줄어들어 jureodeureo | 줄어들어요 jureodeureoyo | 줄어듭시다 jureodeupsida | |
| Imperative | 줄어들어라 jureodeureora | 줄어들어 jureodeureo | 줄어들어요 jureodeureoyo | 줄어듭시오 jureodeupsio | |
| Assertive | 줄어들겠다 jureodeulgetda | 줄어들겠어 jureodeulgesseo | 줄어들겠어요 jureodeulgesseoyo | 줄어들겠습니다 jureodeulgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 줄어들어 jureodeureo | 줄어들어서 jureodeureoseo | 줄어드니 jureodeuni | 줄어드니까 jureodeunikka | |
| Contrast | 줄어들지만 jureodeuljiman | 줄어드는데 jureodeuneunde | 줄어들더니 jureodeuldeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 줄어들고 jureodeulgo | ||||
| Condition | 줄어들면 jureodeulmyeon | 줄어들어야 jureodeureoya | |||
| Motive | 줄어들려고 jureodeullyeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 줄어듦 jureodeum | 줄어들기 jureodeulgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 줄어들었음 jureodeureosseum | 줄어들었기 jureodeureotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 줄어든 jureodeun | |||
| Present | 줄어드는 jureodeuneun | ||||
| Future | 줄어들 jureodeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 줄어드신다 jureodeusinda | 줄어드셔 jureodeusyeo | 줄어드세요, 줄어드셔요 jureodeuseyo, jureodeusyeoyo | 줄어드십니다 jureodeusimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 줄어드셨다 jureodeusyeotda | 줄어드셨어 jureodeusyeosseo | 줄어드셨어요 jureodeusyeosseoyo | 줄어드셨습니다 jureodeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 줄어드시느냐 jureodeusineunya | 줄어드셔 jureodeusyeo | 줄어드세요, 줄어드셔요 jureodeuseyo, jureodeusyeoyo | 줄어드십니까 jureodeusimnikka |
| Past | 줄어드셨느냐 jureodeusyeonneunya | 줄어드셨어 jureodeusyeosseo | 줄어드셨어요 jureodeusyeosseoyo | 줄어드셨습니까 jureodeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 줄어드시라 jureodeusira | 줄어드셔 jureodeusyeo | 줄어드세요 jureodeuseyo | 줄어드십시오 jureodeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 줄어드시겠다 jureodeusigetda | 줄어드시겠어 jureodeusigesseo | 줄어드시겠어요 jureodeusigesseoyo | 줄어드시겠습니다 jureodeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 줄어드셔 jureodeusyeo | 줄어드셔서 jureodeusyeoseo | 줄어드시니 jureodeusini | 줄어드시니까 jureodeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 줄어드시지만 jureodeusijiman | 줄어드시는데 jureodeusineunde | 줄어드시더니 jureodeusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 줄어드시고 jureodeusigo | ||||
| Condition | 줄어드시면 jureodeusimyeon | 줄어드셔야 jureodeusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 줄어드시려고 jureodeusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 줄어드심 jureodeusim | 줄어드시기 jureodeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 줄어드셨음 jureodeusyeosseum | 줄어드셨기 jureodeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 줄어드신 jureodeusin | |||
| Present | 줄어드시는 jureodeusineun | ||||
| Future | 줄어드실 jureodeusil | ||||