줄
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| 주죽죾죿준줁줂 줃줄줅줆줇줈줉 줊줋줌줍줎줏줐 중줒줓줔줕줖줗 | |
| 죠 ← | → 줘 |
|---|---|
Korean
Etymology 1
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 줄〮 (Yale: cwúl), with semantic narrowing; the Middle Korean word meant "situation" more generally. Perhaps ultimately related to the "string" meaning below, but this is highly speculative.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕuɭ]
(file)
- Phonetic hangul: [줄]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | jul |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | jul |
| McCune–Reischauer? | chul |
| Yale Romanization? | cwul |
Dependent noun
줄 • (jul) (obligatorily follows an adnominalized verb)
- (before a verb of knowledge) ability, method; how to
- Synonym: 것 (geot)
- 너 영어 할 줄도 알아?
- neo yeong'eo hal jul-do ara?
- Do you know how to speak English, too?
- (before a verb of knowledge) a perceived fact (see Usage notes)
- 나 시험 망친 줄 알았어.
- na siheom mangchin jul arasseo.
- I thought I'd failed the test.
- 그가 미국을 떠났을 줄은 상상조차 못한 일이었다.
- geu-ga Migug-eul tteonasseul jul-eun sangsang-jocha mothan ir-ieotda.
- That he had left the United States was something he had not even imagined possible.
- 사태가 이리 심각해진 줄을 미처 몰랐습니다.
- satae-ga iri simgakhaejin jul-eul micheo mollatseumnida.
- I had been unaware that the situation had become so critical.
Usage notes
When used with the particle 을 (-eul, accusative marker), it means that the speaker is personally considering the situation as factual. When used with the particle 로 (-ro, “by, with”, instrumental marker), it means that the original perceiver considered the situation as factual, and that the speaker may or may not agree with them. Compare:
- 잘못된 줄을 알다
- jalmotdoen jul-eul alda
- to know that it is wrong to do
- 잘못된 줄로 알다
- jalmotdoen jul-ro alda
- to think that it is wrong to do
When the particle is omitted (as is very common), the meaning can be ambiguous.
Etymology 2
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 줄〮 (Yale: cwúl).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕuɭ]
(file)
- Phonetic hangul: [줄]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | jul |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | jul |
| McCune–Reischauer? | chul |
| Yale Romanization? | cwul |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 줄의 / 줄에 / 줄까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.
Noun
줄 • (jul) (usually no hanja; sometimes 乼, 注乙)
- string, rope
- Synonyms: 실 (sil, “string, thread”), 밧줄 (batjul, “rope”)
- 줄을 당기다 ― jur-eul danggida ― to pull a string
- line, row, column, queue
- 나무 한 줄 ― namu han jul ― one row of trees
- 줄을 서다 ― juleul seoda ― to stand in line
- line, crack (on a surface)
- Synonyms: 선(線) (seon, “line”), 금 (geum, “crack”)
- 줄을 긋다 ― jur-eul geutda ― to draw a line
- line on a written page
- Synonym: 행(行) (haeng)
- 두번째 줄에 세번째 단어 ― dubeonjjae jul-e sebeonjjae daneo ― the third word in the second line
- string of a musical instrument
- Synonym: 현(絃) (hyeon)
- (figurative) personal connections
- (North Korea, mathematics) Synonym of 현(絃) (hyeon, “chord of a circle”)
Derived terms
Verbs and idioms:
- 줄로 친 듯 (jullo chin deut, “clearly, manifestly”)
- 줄을 놓다 (jureul nota, “to approach someone to learn something”)
- 줄을 대다 (jureul daeda, “to approach with an ulterior selfish purpose”)
- 줄을 서다 (jureul seoda, “to stand in line”)
- 줄을 타다 (jureul tada, “to take the side of a stronger power”)
Nouns:
- 거미줄 (geomijul, “spiderweb”)
- 날줄 (naljul, “warp”)
- 닻줄 (datjul, “anchor hawser”)
- 밧줄 (batjul, “rope”)
- 씨줄 (ssijul, “woof”)
- 줄가리 (julgari, “triangular arrangement for paddy drying”)
- 줄곧 (julgot, “constantly”)
- 줄넘기 (julleomgi, “rope jumping”)
- 줄다리기 (juldarigi, “tug-of-war”)
- 줄달음질 (juldareumjil, “chain smoking”)
- 줄모 (julmo, “rice paddies in rows”)
- 줄무늬 (julmunui, “stripe of color (e.g. of zebras)”)
- 줄사다리 (julsadari, “rope ladder”)
- 줄씹 (julssip, “sexual intercourses with a sequence of partners”)
- 줄자 (julja, “tape measure”)
- 줄타기 (jultagi, “tightrope walking; pragmatism”)
- 줄팔매 (julpalmae, “sling”)
- 핏줄 (pitjul)
- 힘줄 (himjul, “sinew”)
Related terms
- 주름 (jureum, “wrinkle”)
Etymology 3
First attested in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527, as Middle Korean 줄〯 (Yale: cwǔl).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕu(ː)ɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [줄(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | jul |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | jul |
| McCune–Reischauer? | chul |
| Yale Romanization? | cwūl |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 줄의 / 줄에 / 줄까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes low pitch, and heightens the pitch of two subsequent suffixed syllables.
Noun
줄 • (jul)
- file (cutting tool)
- Synonyms: 야스리 (yaseuri), 줄칼 (julkal), 쇠줄 (soejul), 줄톱 (jultop)
Etymology 4
First attested in the Yeogeo yuhae (譯語類解 / 역어유해), 1690, as Early Modern Korean 줄 (Yale: cwul).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕu(ː)ɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [줄(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | jul |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | jul |
| McCune–Reischauer? | chul |
| Yale Romanization? | cwūl |
Noun
줄 • (jul)
- Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia)
- Synonym: 줄풀 (julpul)
Derived terms
- 노던줄 (nodeonjul, “Northern wild rice”)
- 줄풀 (julpul, “Manchurian wild rice”)
Etymology 5
From English joule.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕuɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [줄]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | jul |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | jul |
| McCune–Reischauer? | chul |
| Yale Romanization? | cwul |
Counter
줄 • (jul)
- joule (measure of energy)
Etymology 6
Sino-Korean word from 橘 (橘).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕuɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [줄]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | jul |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | jul |
| McCune–Reischauer? | chul |
| Yale Romanization? | cwul |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 줄의 / 줄에 / 줄까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes low pitch, and heightens the pitch of two subsequent suffixed syllables.
Noun
줄 • (jul) (hanja 橘)
- (Gyeongsang, Chungcheong, Jeolla dialect) Dialectal form of 귤(橘) (gyul, “orange, clementine”)
Etymology 7
Various verbal inflections grouped under one etymology for convenience. See the main entries for more.
Verb
줄 • (jul)
- future adnominal of 주다 (juda, “to give; to act for”): which will give; which will be be given; which will be for the sake of someone
- future adnominal of 줄다 (julda, “to decrease”): which will decrease
Etymology 8
Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters.
Syllable
줄 (jul)
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