죄송하다
Korean
Etymology
죄송(罪悚) (joesong) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈt͡ɕwe̞(ː)sʰo̞ŋɦa̠da̠] ~ [ˈt͡ɕø̞(ː)sʰo̞ŋɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [줴(ː)송하다/죄(ː)송하다]
- Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | joesonghada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | joesonghada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | choesonghada |
| Yale Romanization? | cōysonghata |
Adjective
죄송하다 • (joesonghada) (infinitive 죄송해 or 죄송하여, sequential 죄송하니, hanja 罪悚하다)
- to be sorry, to feel apologetic
- 죄송합니다
- joesonghamnida
- I'm sorry
- 심려를 끼쳐 드려 죄송합니다.
- Simnyeo-reul kkicheo deuryeo joesonghamnida.
- Sorry to worry you.
- 어제 일은 죄송합니다. —걱정마세요.
- Eoje ir-eun joesonghamnida. -geokjeongmaseyo.
- Sorry about yesterday. — No worries.
- Original English texts from 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 죄송하다 (joesonghada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 죄송하다 joesonghada | 죄송해 joesonghae | 죄송해요 joesonghaeyo | 죄송합니다 joesonghamnida |
| Past | 죄송했다 joesonghaetda | 죄송했어 joesonghaesseo | 죄송했어요 joesonghaesseoyo | 죄송했습니다 joesonghaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 죄송하냐 joesonghanya | 죄송해 joesonghae | 죄송해요 joesonghaeyo | 죄송합니까 joesonghamnikka |
| Past | 죄송했냐 joesonghaennya | 죄송했어 joesonghaesseo | 죄송했어요 joesonghaesseoyo | 죄송했습니까 joesonghaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 죄송하겠다 joesonghagetda | 죄송하겠어 joesonghagesseo | 죄송하겠어요 joesonghagesseoyo | 죄송하겠습니다 joesonghagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 죄송해 joesonghae | 죄송해서, 죄송하여서 joesonghaeseo, joesonghayeoseo | 죄송하니 joesonghani | 죄송하니까 joesonghanikka | |
| Contrast | 죄송하지만 joesonghajiman | 죄송한데 joesonghande | 죄송하더니 joesonghadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 죄송하고 joesonghago | ||||
| Condition | 죄송하면 joesonghamyeon | 죄송해야, 죄송하여야 joesonghaeya, joesonghayeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 죄송함 joesongham | 죄송하기 joesonghagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 죄송했음, 죄송하였음 joesonghaesseum, joesonghayeosseum | 죄송했기, 죄송하였기 joesonghaetgi, joesonghayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 죄송한 joesonghan | |||
| Future | 죄송할 joesonghal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 죄송하시다 joesonghasida | 죄송하셔 joesonghasyeo | 죄송하세요, 죄송하셔요 joesonghaseyo, joesonghasyeoyo | 죄송하십니다 joesonghasimnida |
| Past | 죄송하셨다 joesonghasyeotda | 죄송하셨어 joesonghasyeosseo | 죄송하셨어요 joesonghasyeosseoyo | 죄송하셨습니다 joesonghasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 죄송하시냐 joesonghasinya | 죄송하셔 joesonghasyeo | 죄송하세요, 죄송하셔요 joesonghaseyo, joesonghasyeoyo | 죄송하십니까 joesonghasimnikka |
| Past | 죄송하셨냐 joesonghasyeonnya | 죄송하셨어 joesonghasyeosseo | 죄송하셨어요 joesonghasyeosseoyo | 죄송하셨습니까 joesonghasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 죄송하시겠다 joesonghasigetda | 죄송하시겠어 joesonghasigesseo | 죄송하시겠어요 joesonghasigesseoyo | 죄송하시겠습니다 joesonghasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 죄송하셔 joesonghasyeo | 죄송하셔서 joesonghasyeoseo | 죄송하시니 joesonghasini | 죄송하시니까 joesonghasinikka | |
| Contrast | 죄송하시지만 joesonghasijiman | 죄송하신데 joesonghasinde | 죄송하시더니 joesonghasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 죄송하시고 joesonghasigo | ||||
| Condition | 죄송하시면 joesonghasimyeon | 죄송하셔야 joesonghasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 죄송하심 joesonghasim | 죄송하시기 joesonghasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 죄송하셨음 joesonghasyeosseum | 죄송하셨기 joesonghasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 죄송하신 joesonghasin | |||
| Future | 죄송하실 joesonghasil | ||||