좁다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 좁다 (copta).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key)[t͡ɕo̞p̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic Hangul[좁따]
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Adjective
좁다 • (jopda) (infinitive 좁아, sequential 좁으니)
- (to be) narrow
Conjugation
Unlike most adjectives whose stems end in ㅂ (b), 좁다 (jopda) does not undergo the stem change ㅂ->우 before a vowel.
Selected forms of the adjective 좁다 (jopda)
| Stems | |
|---|---|
| Stem 1 | 좁 (jop) |
| Stem 2 | 좁아 (joba) |
| Stem 3 | 좁으 (jobeu) |
| Conjugation type | Consonant-stem, regular |
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 좁다 jopda | 좁아 joba | 좁아요 jobayo | 좁습니다 jopseumnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 좁았다 jobatda | 좁았어 jobasseo | 좁았어요 jobasseoyo | 좁았습니다 jobatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 좁으냐 jobeunya | 좁아 joba | 좁아요 jobayo | 좁습니까 jopseumnikka |
| Past | 좁았냐 jobannya | 좁았어 jobasseo | 좁았어요 jobasseoyo | 좁았습니까 jobatseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 좁겠다 jopgetda | 좁겠어 jopgesseo | 좁겠어요 jopgesseoyo | 좁겠습니다 jopgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 좁아 joba | 좁아서 jobaseo | 좁으니 jobeuni | 좁으니까 jobeunikka | |
| Contrast | 좁지만 jopjiman | 좁은데 jobeunde | 좁더니 jopdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 좁고 jopgo | ||||
| Condition | 좁으면 jobeumyeon | 좁아야 jobaya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 좁음 jobeum | 좁기 jopgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 좁았음 jobasseum | 좁았기 jobatgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 좁은 jobeun | |||
| Future | 좁을 jobeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 좁으시다 jobeusida | 좁으셔 jobeusyeo | 좁으세요, 좁으셔요 jobeuseyo, jobeusyeoyo | 좁으십니다 jobeusimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 좁으셨다 jobeusyeotda | 좁으셨어 jobeusyeosseo | 좁으셨어요 jobeusyeosseoyo | 좁으셨습니다 jobeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 좁으시냐 jobeusinya | 좁으셔 jobeusyeo | 좁으세요, 좁으셔요 jobeuseyo, jobeusyeoyo | 좁으십니까 jobeusimnikka |
| Past | 좁으셨냐 jobeusyeonnya | 좁으셨어 jobeusyeosseo | 좁으셨어요 jobeusyeosseoyo | 좁으셨습니까 jobeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 좁으시겠다 jobeusigetda | 좁으시겠어 jobeusigesseo | 좁으시겠어요 jobeusigesseoyo | 좁으시겠습니다 jobeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 좁으셔 jobeusyeo | 좁으셔서 jobeusyeoseo | 좁으시니 jobeusini | 좁으시니까 jobeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 좁으시지만 jobeusijiman | 좁으신데 jobeusinde | 좁으시더니 jobeusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 좁으시고 jobeusigo | ||||
| Condition | 좁으시면 jobeusimyeon | 좁으셔야 jobeusyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 좁으심 jobeusim | 좁으시기 jobeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 좁으셨음 jobeusyeosseum | 좁으셨기 jobeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 좁으신 jobeusin | |||
| Future | 좁으실 jobeusil | ||||
Antonyms
넓다 (neolda, “to be wide”)