잘못하다
Korean
Etymology
From 잘못 (jalmot, “mistake”) and the native Korean verb 하다 (hada, “to do”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key)[t͡ɕa̠ɭmo̞tʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic Hangul[잘모타다]
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Verb
잘못하다 • (jalmothada) (infinitive 잘못해 or 잘못하여, sequential 잘못하니)
- To err; to make a mistake.
- To do something incorrectly.
Usage notes
- It is very commonly confused with other constructions with the same constituents.
- 내가 잘못했여요.
- Naega jalmothaessyeoyo.
- I was wrong. (I made a mistake.)
- 노래를 잘 못해요.
- Noraereul jal mothaeyo.
- I'm not very good at singing.
- 그 작업을 잘못 했어요.
- Geu jageobeul jalmot haesseoyo.
- I erroneously did that operation.
- 바빠서 공부를 잘 못 해요.
- Bappaseo gongbureul jal mot haeyo.
- I cannot study well because I'm busy.
- 잘못하다 is pronounced as a single word; 잘못 하다 has a pause between the two words; 잘 못하다 and 잘 못 하다 have a pause after 잘.
Related terms
- 잘못되다 (jalmotdoeda, “to go awry”)
Usage notes
- When used intransitively in certain inflected forms such as 잘못했습니다 (jalmothaetseumnida), this can also have the meaning "I'm sorry."
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 잘못하다 (jalmothada)
| Stems | |
|---|---|
| Stem 1 | 잘못하 (jalmotha) |
| Stem 2 | 잘못해 (jalmothae) |
| Stem 2a | 잘못하여 (jalmothayeo) |
| Stem 3 | 잘못하 (jalmotha) |
| Conjugation type | Vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular |
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 잘못한다 jalmothanda | 잘못해 jalmothae | 잘못해요 jalmothaeyo | 잘못합니다 jalmothamnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 잘못했다 jalmothaetda | 잘못했어 jalmothaesseo | 잘못했어요 jalmothaesseoyo | 잘못했습니다 jalmothaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 잘못하느냐 jalmothaneunya | 잘못해 jalmothae | 잘못해요 jalmothaeyo | 잘못합니까 jalmothamnikka |
| Past | 잘못했느냐 jalmothaenneunya | 잘못했어 jalmothaesseo | 잘못했어요 jalmothaesseoyo | 잘못했습니까 jalmothaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 잘못하자 jalmothaja | 잘못해 jalmothae | 잘못해요 jalmothaeyo | 잘못합시다 jalmothapsida | |
| Imperative | 잘못해라, 잘못하여라 jalmothaera, jalmothayeora | 잘못해 jalmothae | 잘못해요 jalmothaeyo | 잘못합시오 jalmothapsio | |
| Assertive | 잘못하겠다 jalmothagetda | 잘못하겠어 jalmothagesseo | 잘못하겠어요 jalmothagesseoyo | 잘못하겠습니다 jalmothagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 잘못해 jalmothae | 잘못해서, 잘못하여서 jalmothaeseo, jalmothayeoseo | 잘못하니 jalmothani | 잘못하니까 jalmothanikka | |
| Contrast | 잘못하지만 jalmothajiman | 잘못하는데 jalmothaneunde | 잘못하더니 jalmothadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 잘못하고 jalmothago | ||||
| Condition | 잘못하면 jalmothamyeon | 잘못해야, 잘못하여야 jalmothaeya, jalmothayeoya | |||
| Motive | 잘못하려고 jalmotharyeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 잘못함 jalmotham | 잘못하기 jalmothagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 잘못했음, 잘못하였음 jalmothaesseum, jalmothayeosseum | 잘못했기, 잘못하였기 jalmothaetgi, jalmothayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 잘못한 jalmothan | |||
| Present | 잘못하는 jalmothaneun | ||||
| Future | 잘못할 jalmothal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 잘못하신다 jalmothasinda | 잘못하셔 jalmothasyeo | 잘못하세요, 잘못하셔요 jalmothaseyo, jalmothasyeoyo | 잘못하십니다 jalmothasimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 잘못하셨다 jalmothasyeotda | 잘못하셨어 jalmothasyeosseo | 잘못하셨어요 jalmothasyeosseoyo | 잘못하셨습니다 jalmothasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 잘못하시느냐 jalmothasineunya | 잘못하셔 jalmothasyeo | 잘못하세요, 잘못하셔요 jalmothaseyo, jalmothasyeoyo | 잘못하십니까 jalmothasimnikka |
| Past | 잘못하셨느냐 jalmothasyeonneunya | 잘못하셨어 jalmothasyeosseo | 잘못하셨어요 jalmothasyeosseoyo | 잘못하셨습니까 jalmothasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 잘못하시라 jalmothasira | 잘못하셔 jalmothasyeo | 잘못하세요 jalmothaseyo | 잘못하십시오 jalmothasipsio | |
| Assertive | 잘못하시겠다 jalmothasigetda | 잘못하시겠어 jalmothasigesseo | 잘못하시겠어요 jalmothasigesseoyo | 잘못하시겠습니다 jalmothasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 잘못하셔 jalmothasyeo | 잘못하셔서 jalmothasyeoseo | 잘못하시니 jalmothasini | 잘못하시니까 jalmothasinikka | |
| Contrast | 잘못하시지만 jalmothasijiman | 잘못하시는데 jalmothasineunde | 잘못하시더니 jalmothasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 잘못하시고 jalmothasigo | ||||
| Condition | 잘못하시면 jalmothasimyeon | 잘못하셔야 jalmothasyeoya | |||
| Motive | 잘못하시려고 jalmothasiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 잘못하심 jalmothasim | 잘못하시기 jalmothasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 잘못하셨음 jalmothasyeosseum | 잘못하셨기 jalmothasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 잘못하신 jalmothasin | |||
| Present | 잘못하시는 jalmothasineun | ||||
| Future | 잘못하실 jalmothasil | ||||