잔인하다
Korean
Etymology
잔인(殘忍) (janin) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕa̠ninɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [자닌하다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | janinhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | jan'inhada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | chaninhada |
| Yale Romanization? | can.in.hata |
Adjective
잔인하다 • (janinhada) (infinitive 잔인해 or 잔인하여, sequential 잔인하니)
- to be cruel; to be ruthless
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 잔인하다 (janinhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 잔인하다 janinhada | 잔인해 janinhae | 잔인해요 janinhaeyo | 잔인합니다 janinhamnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 잔인했다 janinhaetda | 잔인했어 janinhaesseo | 잔인했어요 janinhaesseoyo | 잔인했습니다 janinhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 잔인하냐 janinhanya | 잔인해 janinhae | 잔인해요 janinhaeyo | 잔인합니까 janinhamnikka |
| Past | 잔인했냐 janinhaennya | 잔인했어 janinhaesseo | 잔인했어요 janinhaesseoyo | 잔인했습니까 janinhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 잔인하겠다 janinhagetda | 잔인하겠어 janinhagesseo | 잔인하겠어요 janinhagesseoyo | 잔인하겠습니다 janinhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 잔인해 janinhae | 잔인해서, 잔인하여서 janinhaeseo, janinhayeoseo | 잔인하니 janinhani | 잔인하니까 janinhanikka | |
| Contrast | 잔인하지만 janinhajiman | 잔인한데 janinhande | 잔인하더니 janinhadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 잔인하고 janinhago | ||||
| Condition | 잔인하면 janinhamyeon | 잔인해야, 잔인하여야 janinhaeya, janinhayeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 잔인함 janinham | 잔인하기 janinhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 잔인했음, 잔인하였음 janinhaesseum, janinhayeosseum | 잔인했기, 잔인하였기 janinhaetgi, janinhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 잔인한 janinhan | |||
| Future | 잔인할 janinhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 잔인하시다 janinhasida | 잔인하셔 janinhasyeo | 잔인하세요, 잔인하셔요 janinhaseyo, janinhasyeoyo | 잔인하십니다 janinhasimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 잔인하셨다 janinhasyeotda | 잔인하셨어 janinhasyeosseo | 잔인하셨어요 janinhasyeosseoyo | 잔인하셨습니다 janinhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 잔인하시냐 janinhasinya | 잔인하셔 janinhasyeo | 잔인하세요, 잔인하셔요 janinhaseyo, janinhasyeoyo | 잔인하십니까 janinhasimnikka |
| Past | 잔인하셨냐 janinhasyeonnya | 잔인하셨어 janinhasyeosseo | 잔인하셨어요 janinhasyeosseoyo | 잔인하셨습니까 janinhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 잔인하시겠다 janinhasigetda | 잔인하시겠어 janinhasigesseo | 잔인하시겠어요 janinhasigesseoyo | 잔인하시겠습니다 janinhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 잔인하셔 janinhasyeo | 잔인하셔서 janinhasyeoseo | 잔인하시니 janinhasini | 잔인하시니까 janinhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 잔인하시지만 janinhasijiman | 잔인하신데 janinhasinde | 잔인하시더니 janinhasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 잔인하시고 janinhasigo | ||||
| Condition | 잔인하시면 janinhasimyeon | 잔인하셔야 janinhasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 잔인하심 janinhasim | 잔인하시기 janinhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 잔인하셨음 janinhasyeosseum | 잔인하셨기 janinhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 잔인하신 janinhasin | |||
| Future | 잔인하실 janinhasil | ||||