작다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 쟉다 (Yale: cyakta). Ablaut form: 적다 (jeokda).
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
- IPA(key)[ˈt͡ɕa̠ːk̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic Hangul[작:따]
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Adjective
작다 • (jakda) (infinitive 작아, sequential 작으니)
- (to be) small
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 작다 (jakda)
| Stems | |
|---|---|
| Stem 1 | 작 (jak) |
| Stem 2 | 작아 (jaga) |
| Stem 3 | 작으 (jageu) |
| Conjugation type | Consonant-stem, regular |
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 작다 jakda | 작아 jaga | 작아요 jagayo | 작습니다 jakseumnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 작았다 jagatda | 작았어 jagasseo | 작았어요 jagasseoyo | 작았습니다 jagatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 작으냐 jageunya | 작아 jaga | 작아요 jagayo | 작습니까 jakseumnikka |
| Past | 작았냐 jagannya | 작았어 jagasseo | 작았어요 jagasseoyo | 작았습니까 jagatseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 작겠다 jakgetda | 작겠어 jakgesseo | 작겠어요 jakgesseoyo | 작겠습니다 jakgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 작아 jaga | 작아서 jagaseo | 작으니 jageuni | 작으니까 jageunikka | |
| Contrast | 작지만 jakjiman | 작은데 jageunde | 작더니 jakdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 작고 jakgo | ||||
| Condition | 작으면 jageumyeon | 작아야 jagaya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 작음 jageum | 작기 jakgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 작았음 jagasseum | 작았기 jagatgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 작은 jageun | |||
| Future | 작을 jageul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 작으시다 jageusida | 작으셔 jageusyeo | 작으세요, 작으셔요 jageuseyo, jageusyeoyo | 작으십니다 jageusimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 작으셨다 jageusyeotda | 작으셨어 jageusyeosseo | 작으셨어요 jageusyeosseoyo | 작으셨습니다 jageusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 작으시냐 jageusinya | 작으셔 jageusyeo | 작으세요, 작으셔요 jageuseyo, jageusyeoyo | 작으십니까 jageusimnikka |
| Past | 작으셨냐 jageusyeonnya | 작으셨어 jageusyeosseo | 작으셨어요 jageusyeosseoyo | 작으셨습니까 jageusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 작으시겠다 jageusigetda | 작으시겠어 jageusigesseo | 작으시겠어요 jageusigesseoyo | 작으시겠습니다 jageusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 작으셔 jageusyeo | 작으셔서 jageusyeoseo | 작으시니 jageusini | 작으시니까 jageusinikka | |
| Contrast | 작으시지만 jageusijiman | 작으신데 jageusinde | 작으시더니 jageusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 작으시고 jageusigo | ||||
| Condition | 작으시면 jageusimyeon | 작으셔야 jageusyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 작으심 jageusim | 작으시기 jageusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 작으셨음 jageusyeosseum | 작으셨기 jageusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 작으신 jageusin | |||
| Future | 작으실 jageusil | ||||
Antonyms
- 크다 (keuda, “(to be) big”)