-으니
Korean
Alternative forms
- 니 (-ni) – after vowels and ㄹ (l), for all suffixes below
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɯni]
- Phonetic hangul: [으니]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | euni |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | euni |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ŭni |
| Yale Romanization? | uni |
Etymology 1
From Middle Korean 으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니〮 (Yale: -úní/óní), from Old Korean 隱 (*-un, realis gerund marker) + 是 (*-i, either the nominative case marker or a semantically light noun).[1] Compare 으리 (-euri).
Suffix
으니 • (-euni)
- because, since, as; used to convey a cause, a proof, or a premise.
- Synonym: 으니까 (-eunikka)
- 워낙 배가 고팠다 보니 무엇을 먹어도 맛있었다.
- wonak bae-ga gopatda bo-ni mueos-eul meogeodo masisseotda.
- Everything tasted good since I was so hungry.
- 시절이 하 수상하니 어찌 될지 몰라라.
- sijeor-i ha susangha-ni eojji doelji mollara.
- As the times are so treacherous, I do not know how things will end up.
- as; used to convey a relevant fact, such an immediately antecedent action which enables the subsequent clause.
- Synonym: 으니까 (-eunikka)
- 바닷가에 다다르니 하늘이 노을에 물들던 참이었다.
- badatga-e dadareu-ni haneur-i no'eur-e muldeuldeon cham-ieotda.
- When we arrived at the seashore, the sky was starting to glow with the sunset.
Usage notes
- In spoken language, the emphatic form 으니까 (-eunikka) is usually used.
Derived terms
- 더니 (-deoni)
- 으니까 (-eunikka)
Etymology 2
Suffix
으니... 으니 • (-euni... -euni)
- Alternative form of 느니 (-neuni); see Usage notes in that entry.
Suffix
으니 • (-euni)
- Alternative form of 느니 (-neuni); see Usage notes in that entry.
References
- 김지오 (Kim Ji-o) (2019), “고대국어 연결어미 연구의 현황과 과제 [The conditions and future tasks of analyzing connective endings in Old Korean]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 43, pages 55–87