웅크리다
Korean
Etymology
Originally an emphatic aspirated variant of earlier and now rare 웅그리다 (unggeurida), part of a wider family of movement-related verbs from an ancient ideophonic root /om~um/. Compare 움직이다 (umjigida, “to move”), 오므리다 (omeurida, “to cup one's hands”), 움츠리다 (umcheurida, “to shrink; to cringe”).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [uŋkxɯɾida̠]
- Phonetic hangeul: [웅크리다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | ungkeurida |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ungkeulida |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ungk'ŭrida |
| Yale Romanization? | wungkhulita |
Verb
웅크리다 • (ungkeurida) (infinitive 웅크려 or 웅크리어, sequential 웅크리니)
- (transitive) to crouch; to cause to crouch (a body part)
- 괴물은 거구를 웅크렸다.
- Goemureun geogureul ungkeuryeotda.
- The monster's gargantuan body crouched.
- (intransitive, figuratively, of emotions, etc.) to exist in a suppressed or hidden state (usually as 웅크리고 있다 (ungkeurigo itda))
- 2009, 김미도 (Kim Mi-do), “과학과 연극의 만남, 그 의미와 성과”, in Gongyeon-gwa rivyu, volume 67, pages 38—46:
- 그 아이에게는 얼마나 따뜻하고 아름다운 마음이 웅크리고 있는가.
- Geu aiegeneun eolmana ttatteuthago areumdaun ma-eumi ungkeurigo inneun-ga.
- How warm and beautiful the mind that lies within that child is.
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 웅크리다 (ungkeurida): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 웅크린다 ungkeurinda | 웅크려 ungkeuryeo | 웅크려요, 웅크리어요 ungkeuryeoyo, ungkeurieoyo | 웅크립니다 ungkeurimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 웅크렸다 ungkeuryeotda | 웅크렸어 ungkeuryeosseo | 웅크렸어요 ungkeuryeosseoyo | 웅크렸습니다 ungkeuryeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 웅크리느냐 ungkeurineunya | 웅크려 ungkeuryeo | 웅크려요, 웅크리어요 ungkeuryeoyo, ungkeurieoyo | 웅크립니까 ungkeurimnikka |
| Past | 웅크렸느냐 ungkeuryeonneunya | 웅크렸어 ungkeuryeosseo | 웅크렸어요 ungkeuryeosseoyo | 웅크렸습니까 ungkeuryeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 웅크리자 ungkeurija | 웅크려 ungkeuryeo | 웅크려요, 웅크리어요 ungkeuryeoyo, ungkeurieoyo | 웅크립시다 ungkeuripsida | |
| Imperative | 웅크려라, 웅크리어라 ungkeuryeora, ungkeurieora | 웅크려 ungkeuryeo | 웅크려요, 웅크리어요 ungkeuryeoyo, ungkeurieoyo | 웅크립시오 ungkeuripsio | |
| Assertive | 웅크리겠다 ungkeurigetda | 웅크리겠어 ungkeurigesseo | 웅크리겠어요 ungkeurigesseoyo | 웅크리겠습니다 ungkeurigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 웅크려 ungkeuryeo | 웅크려서, 웅크리어서 ungkeuryeoseo, ungkeurieoseo | 웅크리니 ungkeurini | 웅크리니까 ungkeurinikka | |
| Contrast | 웅크리지만 ungkeurijiman | 웅크리는데 ungkeurineunde | 웅크리더니 ungkeurideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 웅크리고 ungkeurigo | ||||
| Condition | 웅크리면 ungkeurimyeon | 웅크려야, 웅크리어야 ungkeuryeoya, ungkeurieoya | |||
| Motive | 웅크리려고 ungkeuriryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 웅크림 ungkeurim | 웅크리기 ungkeurigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 웅크렸음, 웅크리었음 ungkeuryeosseum, ungkeurieosseum | 웅크렸기, 웅크리었기 ungkeuryeotgi, ungkeurieotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 웅크린 ungkeurin | |||
| Present | 웅크리는 ungkeurineun | ||||
| Future | 웅크릴 ungkeuril | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 웅크리신다 ungkeurisinda | 웅크리셔 ungkeurisyeo | 웅크리세요, 웅크리셔요 ungkeuriseyo, ungkeurisyeoyo | 웅크리십니다 ungkeurisimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 웅크리셨다 ungkeurisyeotda | 웅크리셨어 ungkeurisyeosseo | 웅크리셨어요 ungkeurisyeosseoyo | 웅크리셨습니다 ungkeurisyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 웅크리시느냐 ungkeurisineunya | 웅크리셔 ungkeurisyeo | 웅크리세요, 웅크리셔요 ungkeuriseyo, ungkeurisyeoyo | 웅크리십니까 ungkeurisimnikka |
| Past | 웅크리셨느냐 ungkeurisyeonneunya | 웅크리셨어 ungkeurisyeosseo | 웅크리셨어요 ungkeurisyeosseoyo | 웅크리셨습니까 ungkeurisyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 웅크리시라 ungkeurisira | 웅크리셔 ungkeurisyeo | 웅크리세요 ungkeuriseyo | 웅크리십시오 ungkeurisipsio | |
| Assertive | 웅크리시겠다 ungkeurisigetda | 웅크리시겠어 ungkeurisigesseo | 웅크리시겠어요 ungkeurisigesseoyo | 웅크리시겠습니다 ungkeurisigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 웅크리셔 ungkeurisyeo | 웅크리셔서 ungkeurisyeoseo | 웅크리시니 ungkeurisini | 웅크리시니까 ungkeurisinikka | |
| Contrast | 웅크리시지만 ungkeurisijiman | 웅크리시는데 ungkeurisineunde | 웅크리시더니 ungkeurisideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 웅크리시고 ungkeurisigo | ||||
| Condition | 웅크리시면 ungkeurisimyeon | 웅크리셔야 ungkeurisyeoya | |||
| Motive | 웅크리시려고 ungkeurisiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 웅크리심 ungkeurisim | 웅크리시기 ungkeurisigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 웅크리셨음 ungkeurisyeosseum | 웅크리셨기 ungkeurisyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 웅크리신 ungkeurisin | |||
| Present | 웅크리시는 ungkeurisineun | ||||
| Future | 웅크리실 ungkeurisil | ||||