용하다
Korean
Etymology
Nativisation of the Sino-Korean term 영하다 (靈—, yeonghada, “to be supernaturally potent”).
Equivalent to 용 (yong) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈjo(ː)ŋɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [용(ː)하다]
- Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | yonghada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | yonghada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | yonghada |
| Yale Romanization? | yōnghata |
Adjective
용하다 • (yonghada) (infinitive 용해 or 용하여, sequential 용하니)
- to be skilled, to be excellent (especially of a shaman)
- 먼 무당이 용하다
- meon mudang-i yong-hada
- The grass is greener on the other side
- (literally, “The shaman from far away is more skilled (proverb)”)
- 내 점이 용네. (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon)
- Nae jeom-i yongne.
- It happened just as I thought it would.
- (literally, “My fortune-telling is skilled.”)
- (of a task or positive event) to be accomplished or to have occurred despite difficulty or unlikely circumstances
- 용하게 눈물을 참았네.
- Yong-hage nunmur-eul chamanne.
- You managed to hold in your tears.
- (of a person) to have accomplished a difficult task
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 용하다 (yonghada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 용하다 yonghada | 용해 yonghae | 용해요 yonghaeyo | 용합니다 yonghamnida |
| Past | 용했다 yonghaetda | 용했어 yonghaesseo | 용했어요 yonghaesseoyo | 용했습니다 yonghaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 용하냐 yonghanya | 용해 yonghae | 용해요 yonghaeyo | 용합니까 yonghamnikka |
| Past | 용했냐 yonghaennya | 용했어 yonghaesseo | 용했어요 yonghaesseoyo | 용했습니까 yonghaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 용하겠다 yonghagetda | 용하겠어 yonghagesseo | 용하겠어요 yonghagesseoyo | 용하겠습니다 yonghagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 용해 yonghae | 용해서, 용하여서 yonghaeseo, yonghayeoseo | 용하니 yonghani | 용하니까 yonghanikka | |
| Contrast | 용하지만 yonghajiman | 용한데 yonghande | 용하더니 yonghadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 용하고 yonghago | ||||
| Condition | 용하면 yonghamyeon | 용해야, 용하여야 yonghaeya, yonghayeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 용함 yongham | 용하기 yonghagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 용했음, 용하였음 yonghaesseum, yonghayeosseum | 용했기, 용하였기 yonghaetgi, yonghayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 용한 yonghan | |||
| Future | 용할 yonghal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 용하시다 yonghasida | 용하셔 yonghasyeo | 용하세요, 용하셔요 yonghaseyo, yonghasyeoyo | 용하십니다 yonghasimnida |
| Past | 용하셨다 yonghasyeotda | 용하셨어 yonghasyeosseo | 용하셨어요 yonghasyeosseoyo | 용하셨습니다 yonghasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 용하시냐 yonghasinya | 용하셔 yonghasyeo | 용하세요, 용하셔요 yonghaseyo, yonghasyeoyo | 용하십니까 yonghasimnikka |
| Past | 용하셨냐 yonghasyeonnya | 용하셨어 yonghasyeosseo | 용하셨어요 yonghasyeosseoyo | 용하셨습니까 yonghasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 용하시겠다 yonghasigetda | 용하시겠어 yonghasigesseo | 용하시겠어요 yonghasigesseoyo | 용하시겠습니다 yonghasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 용하셔 yonghasyeo | 용하셔서 yonghasyeoseo | 용하시니 yonghasini | 용하시니까 yonghasinikka | |
| Contrast | 용하시지만 yonghasijiman | 용하신데 yonghasinde | 용하시더니 yonghasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 용하시고 yonghasigo | ||||
| Condition | 용하시면 yonghasimyeon | 용하셔야 yonghasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 용하심 yonghasim | 용하시기 yonghasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 용하셨음 yonghasyeosseum | 용하셨기 yonghasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 용하신 yonghasin | |||
| Future | 용하실 yonghasil | ||||