외롭다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 외ᄅᆞᆸ다 (woylopta). From 외— (oe–) + —롭다 (ropda).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key)[we̞ɾo̞p̚t͈a̠] ~ [ø̞ɾo̞p̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic Hangul[웨롭따/외롭따]
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Adjective
외롭다 • (oeropda) (irregular, infinitive 외로워, sequential 외로우니)
- alone, lonely, solitary
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 외롭다 (oeropda)
| Stems | |
|---|---|
| Stem 1 | 외롭 (oerop) |
| Stem 2 | 외로워 (oerowo) |
| Stem 3 | 외로우 (oerou) |
| Conjugation type | Consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular |
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 외롭다 oeropda | 외로워 oerowo | 외로워요 oerowoyo | 외롭습니다 oeropseumnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 외로웠다 oerowotda | 외로웠어 oerowosseo | 외로웠어요 oerowosseoyo | 외로웠습니다 oerowotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 외로우냐 oerounya | 외로워 oerowo | 외로워요 oerowoyo | 외롭습니까 oeropseumnikka |
| Past | 외로웠냐 oerowonnya | 외로웠어 oerowosseo | 외로웠어요 oerowosseoyo | 외로웠습니까 oerowotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 외롭겠다 oeropgetda | 외롭겠어 oeropgesseo | 외롭겠어요 oeropgesseoyo | 외롭겠습니다 oeropgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 외로워 oerowo | 외로워서 oerowoseo | 외로우니 oerouni | 외로우니까 oerounikka | |
| Contrast | 외롭지만 oeropjiman | 외로운데 oerounde | 외롭더니 oeropdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 외롭고 oeropgo | ||||
| Condition | 외로우면 oeroumyeon | 외로워야 oerowoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 외로움 oeroum | 외롭기 oeropgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 외로웠음 oerowosseum | 외로웠기 oerowotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 외로운 oeroun | |||
| Future | 외로울 oeroul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 외로우시다 oerousida | 외로우셔 oerousyeo | 외로우세요, 외로우셔요 oerouseyo, oerousyeoyo | 외로우십니다 oerousimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 외로우셨다 oerousyeotda | 외로우셨어 oerousyeosseo | 외로우셨어요 oerousyeosseoyo | 외로우셨습니다 oerousyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 외로우시냐 oerousinya | 외로우셔 oerousyeo | 외로우세요, 외로우셔요 oerouseyo, oerousyeoyo | 외로우십니까 oerousimnikka |
| Past | 외로우셨냐 oerousyeonnya | 외로우셨어 oerousyeosseo | 외로우셨어요 oerousyeosseoyo | 외로우셨습니까 oerousyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 외로우시겠다 oerousigetda | 외로우시겠어 oerousigesseo | 외로우시겠어요 oerousigesseoyo | 외로우시겠습니다 oerousigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 외로우셔 oerousyeo | 외로우셔서 oerousyeoseo | 외로우시니 oerousini | 외로우시니까 oerousinikka | |
| Contrast | 외로우시지만 oerousijiman | 외로우신데 oerousinde | 외로우시더니 oerousideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 외로우시고 oerousigo | ||||
| Condition | 외로우시면 oerousimyeon | 외로우셔야 oerousyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 외로우심 oerousim | 외로우시기 oerousigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 외로우셨음 oerousyeosseum | 외로우셨기 oerousyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 외로우신 oerousin | |||
| Future | 외로우실 oerousil | ||||